Publication: Automotive industries of the European Union and Turkey in the framework of competition law
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’de otomotiv sektöründeki rekabet düzenlemelerini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektir. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde, rekabet hukukunun sistemini ve alakalı mevzuatı anlayabilmek için Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’deki rekabet hukukunun sistemi incelenecektir. Bu bölümde, Avrupa Birliğindeki rekabet hukukunun yasal yapısı hakkında genel olarak bilgi verildikten sonra, Gümrük Birliği çerçevesinde, Türkiye’deki rekabet hukukunun yapısı hakkında bilgi verilecektir. İkinci ve üçüncü bölümlerde, Avrupa’daki ve Türkiyedeki otomotiv sektörünün yapısının özelliği incelenecektir. Avrupa Birliğinde, motorlu taşıtlar ile ilgili yürürlükten kaldırılmış 123/ 85 ve 1475/ 95 sayılı Tüzükler ile, Türkiye’deki 1998/ 3 sayılı Tebliğden kısaca bahsedilecektir. Bunu takip eden son bölümde, grup muafiyetlerini inceleyerek, Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’deki rekabet hukuku ve otomotiv sektörü arasındaki ilişki üzerinde odaklanılacaktır. Bu çalışma, geçmişten günümüze evrim süreci içerisinde, 1400/ 2002 sayılı Tüzük’le gerçekleşen önemli değişikliklerin analizini oluşturmaktadır. Bu analiz, Komisyon’un eski düzenlemelerinde karşılaştığı sorunlar, yaklaşımındaki değişikliğin gerekçeleri, vazgeçtiği ve benimsediği prensipler, bu doğrultuda getirdiği düzenlemeler ve bunların sektörde yaratacağı etkiler üzerinde durmayı gerektirmektedir. Bu yöndeki bir çalışma, Türkiye açısından da büyük önem taşımaktadır; çünkü Rekabet Kurulu, 1998 yılından bugüne, motorlu taşıt dağıtımı konusunda AB’deki geçmiş düzenlemelere paralel bir grup muafiyeti tebliği uygulamaktadır. Rekabet Kurumu, Avrupa Birliğindeki gelişmeler ışığında, 1400/ 2002 sayılı Avrupa Birliğindeki Tüzüğe paralel, son olarak, Motorlu Taşıtlar Sektöründeki Dikey Anlaşmalar ve Uyumlu Eylemlere İlişkin Grup Muafiyeti Tebliği No: 2005/ 4 yayınlamıştır.
The purpose of this study is to examine the competition law of the chosen sector, namely automobile industry of the European Union and Turkey in a comparative manner. In the first section of this study, the competition laws of the European Union and of Turkey, in order to understand the mechanisms of these laws and related articles will be examined. In that section, after providing the information on the legal structure of EU’s competition law, within the framework of the Customs Union Decisions a brief information about the Turkey’s competition law will be examined. In the second and third section of this study, the structural features of the Turkish automobile industry and the automobile industry in Europe will be analysed. Briefly, the abolised Regulations No: 123/ 85 and 1475/ 95 regarding the motor vehicles in EU. Following that, in the last part of the study, it will end with a focus on the competition law automobile industry relations by examining block exemption regulations in the European Union and Turkey. The study consists of the analysis of important change which eventuated through Regulation No 1400/ 2002 in evolutionary process from past to present. This analysis requires to study the problems which Commission came across in former arrangements, the reasons of such a change in its approach, the principles which was given up and adopted, the arrangements made in this respect and their effects on sector. A study in this respect also bears great importance with respect to Turkey because Competition Authority applies a group exemption parallel to former arrangements in EU with respect to motor vehicle distribution from 1998 to present. Competition Authority lastly adopted a Block Exemption Communique No 2005/ 4 which includes arrangement very parallel to Regulation No 1400/ 2002 in EU, in respect with advancement in EU.
The purpose of this study is to examine the competition law of the chosen sector, namely automobile industry of the European Union and Turkey in a comparative manner. In the first section of this study, the competition laws of the European Union and of Turkey, in order to understand the mechanisms of these laws and related articles will be examined. In that section, after providing the information on the legal structure of EU’s competition law, within the framework of the Customs Union Decisions a brief information about the Turkey’s competition law will be examined. In the second and third section of this study, the structural features of the Turkish automobile industry and the automobile industry in Europe will be analysed. Briefly, the abolised Regulations No: 123/ 85 and 1475/ 95 regarding the motor vehicles in EU. Following that, in the last part of the study, it will end with a focus on the competition law automobile industry relations by examining block exemption regulations in the European Union and Turkey. The study consists of the analysis of important change which eventuated through Regulation No 1400/ 2002 in evolutionary process from past to present. This analysis requires to study the problems which Commission came across in former arrangements, the reasons of such a change in its approach, the principles which was given up and adopted, the arrangements made in this respect and their effects on sector. A study in this respect also bears great importance with respect to Turkey because Competition Authority applies a group exemption parallel to former arrangements in EU with respect to motor vehicle distribution from 1998 to present. Competition Authority lastly adopted a Block Exemption Communique No 2005/ 4 which includes arrangement very parallel to Regulation No 1400/ 2002 in EU, in respect with advancement in EU.