Publication: XVIII. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Darbhâne-i Âmire
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, XVIII. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Darbhâne-i Âmire’nin yapısı ve faaliyetleri incelenmekte; darphanenin yaşadığı dönüşüm sonucu hazine vasfı kazanması ele alınmaktadır. Darbhâne-i Âmire, Osmanlı maliye teşkilatında para darbı işini yürüten kurumdu. XVIII. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında büyük bir dönüşüm yaşayarak, para darbının dışında yeni fonksiyonlar edindi. Bir takım gelir kaynaklarının kendisine bağlanmasıyla ihtiyat hazinesi vasfı kazandı. 1766-1794 yılları arasında söz konusu gelir kaynaklarından darphaneye 88 milyon kuruşa yakın bir para transfer edildi. Bu paraya darp gelirlerinden bir miktar daha ekleyen darphane, 96 milyon kuruşu aşkın bir masrafı finanse etti. Darphanenin karşıladığı masraflar daha çok askeri giderler ve savaş harcamalarıydı. Bu dönemde darphanenin emisyon hacminde ve para darp gelirlerinde de büyük bir artış yaşandı. 1766-1802 tarihleri arasında darphane 345.957.757 kuruş miktarında para bastı. Aynı dönemde elde edilen darp geliri ise 50.000.000 kuruşu aşkındı. Emisyon hacmindeki ve darp gelirindeki büyük artışın nedenlerinden biri de darphanenin son derece iyi organize edilmiş bir teşkilata sahip olmasıydı. Darphane teşkilatı idare ve kontrol heyeti, tüccar sınıfı ve amele sınıfı olarak üçe ayrılmaktaydı. İdareciler Müslüman Türklerden, diğer iki sınıf ise profesyonel gayrimüslim sarraf ve ustalardan oluşuyordu.
In this study, the structure and activities of The Imperial Mint in the second half of the eighteenth century and its being qualified as the treasury as a result of the transformation it experienced are examined. The Imperial Mint is the institution conducting the operation of coining money in Ottoman financial system. It underwent a transformation in the second half of the eighteenth century and acquired new functions beside coining money. It gained the quality of a reserve treasury with the assignment of some income resources to the mint. A sum of money amounting to around 88.000.000 gurush was transferred to the mint between the years 1766-1704. The mint, adding some money to this amount from seniorage revenues, financed an expenditure around 94.000.000 gurush. These costs funded by the mint are military expenses and war expenditures. In this period, there was a great increase in the emition size of the mint and in seniorage revenues. The mint coined 345.957.757 gurush between the years 1766-1802. In the same period, seniorage revenue gained was over 50.000.000 gurush. One of the causes of this great incease in emition size and in seniorage revenues is the well-organized institutional structure of the mint. The mint was seperated into three parts as administrative and supervisory board, merchant class and labourer class. Administrative and supervisory board consisted of Muslim Turks and the other two classes consisted of professional non-muslim craftsmen.
In this study, the structure and activities of The Imperial Mint in the second half of the eighteenth century and its being qualified as the treasury as a result of the transformation it experienced are examined. The Imperial Mint is the institution conducting the operation of coining money in Ottoman financial system. It underwent a transformation in the second half of the eighteenth century and acquired new functions beside coining money. It gained the quality of a reserve treasury with the assignment of some income resources to the mint. A sum of money amounting to around 88.000.000 gurush was transferred to the mint between the years 1766-1704. The mint, adding some money to this amount from seniorage revenues, financed an expenditure around 94.000.000 gurush. These costs funded by the mint are military expenses and war expenditures. In this period, there was a great increase in the emition size of the mint and in seniorage revenues. The mint coined 345.957.757 gurush between the years 1766-1802. In the same period, seniorage revenue gained was over 50.000.000 gurush. One of the causes of this great incease in emition size and in seniorage revenues is the well-organized institutional structure of the mint. The mint was seperated into three parts as administrative and supervisory board, merchant class and labourer class. Administrative and supervisory board consisted of Muslim Turks and the other two classes consisted of professional non-muslim craftsmen.