Publication: Zorunlu aşılama uygulamalarındaki etik ikilemler
Abstract
Amaç: Bir halk sağlığı uygulaması olan aşılama, kullanıldığı ilk dönemden itibaren tartışma konusu olagelmiştir. Aşı karşıtı hareketler öne sürdükleri çeşitli savlarla zorunlu uygulamalara direnmiştir. Tezin amacı güncelliğini koruyan bu konuyu tarihi perspektifi ve hukuki boyutlarıyla birlikte tıp etiği açısından ele almaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Kavramsal bir çalışma olarak tasarlanan bu tez için phanesi ve Marmara Üniversitesi kütüphanesinde bulunan kaynaklar ile Marmara Üniversitesi kütüphanesinin veritabanlarından ve açık internet kaynakları üzerinden ulaşılan literatürden faydalanıldı.Bulgular: Yetişkinlere zorunlu aşılama uygulamaları sınırlı bir popülasyonu etkilemektedir. Örneğin sağlık personeli ve öğretmenler gibi risk altındaki gruplarla teması olan ve olası salgınları yayma potansiyeli taşıyan çalışanlarda zorunlu tıbbi uygulama, tercih edilen mesleğin gereği olarak savunulabilmektedir. Yetişkinlerdeki bu özel popülasyonların aksine, bazı ülkelerde aşı politikaları tüm çocukları hedeflediğinden, bu yaş grubu zorunlu aşılamadaki etik sorunların odağı haline gelmektedir. Zorunlu aşı uygulamasındaki etik ikilemin temel sebebi aşının sağlıklı bir kişiye, hem o kişiyi hem de toplumu korumak için verilirken, olası riskin sadece aşılanan kişiye onamı alınmadan yüklenmesidir.Sonuç: Birçok boyutu olan zorunlu aşılama konusunun etik açıdan ele alınması kamuoyunun daha sağlıklı oluşmasında ve sağlık politikalarının şekillendirilmesinde katkıda bulunabilir.
Objective: Vaccination, as a public health practice, has been the subject of discussion since it was first introduced. Anti-vaccination movements resisted mandatory practices with various arguments they put forward. The aim of the thesis is to deal with this subject, which is still up-to-date, in terms of medical ethics with its historical perspective and legal dimensions.Material and Methods: The resources in the department library and the Marmara University library, the databases reached through Marmara University library and the literature accessed through open internet resources were reviewed and utilized for this dissertation designed as conceptual research.Results: Mandatory vaccination practices for adults affect only a limited population. For example, mandatory vaccination can be advocated as a requirement of the preferred profession in employees who have contact with at-risk groups and have the potential to spread possible outbreaks such as healthcare professionals and teachers. On the other hand, children are the main focus of ethical discussions in compulsory vaccination, as vaccination policies in some countries target this group of age. The main reason for the ethical dilemma in compulsory vaccination is that the vaccine is given to a healthy person to protect both the person and the society, while the potential risk lies only on the vaccinated person without consent.Conclusion: Handling the issue of compulsory vaccination, which has many dimensions, with an ethical perspective may contribute to form a healthier public opinion and to shape health policies.
Objective: Vaccination, as a public health practice, has been the subject of discussion since it was first introduced. Anti-vaccination movements resisted mandatory practices with various arguments they put forward. The aim of the thesis is to deal with this subject, which is still up-to-date, in terms of medical ethics with its historical perspective and legal dimensions.Material and Methods: The resources in the department library and the Marmara University library, the databases reached through Marmara University library and the literature accessed through open internet resources were reviewed and utilized for this dissertation designed as conceptual research.Results: Mandatory vaccination practices for adults affect only a limited population. For example, mandatory vaccination can be advocated as a requirement of the preferred profession in employees who have contact with at-risk groups and have the potential to spread possible outbreaks such as healthcare professionals and teachers. On the other hand, children are the main focus of ethical discussions in compulsory vaccination, as vaccination policies in some countries target this group of age. The main reason for the ethical dilemma in compulsory vaccination is that the vaccine is given to a healthy person to protect both the person and the society, while the potential risk lies only on the vaccinated person without consent.Conclusion: Handling the issue of compulsory vaccination, which has many dimensions, with an ethical perspective may contribute to form a healthier public opinion and to shape health policies.