Publication: Dinler tarihi açısından Ahmed Mithat Efendi
Abstract
İslam alimleri dinler tarihi meselesiyle fazla meşgul olmamışlardır. Çeşitli dönemlerde Milel ve Nihal tarzında bazı eserler kaleme alınmışsa da bunlar ihtiyacı karşılamamıştır. Batıda ise bu konuda pek çok eser ortaya konmuştur. Türkiye'de özellikle Osmanlı'nın son döneminde İslam'dan farklı dinler dikkati çekmiştir. Pek çok dine mensup kişinin bir arada yaşaması gereği, dinler tarihine olan ilgiyi arttırmıştır. Bilhassa son dönemlerde hıristiyan misyonerlerin Osmanlı memleketi içinde gösterdikleri faaliyetler üzerine pek çok kişi bu konuya önem vermiştir. Bu dönemde önemli bir yere sahip olan Ahmed Mithat Efendi de bu konuya yabancı kalmamıştır. Bir yandan Darunfunun'da Tarih-i Edyan dersleri verirken bir yandan da hristiyan misyonerlere karşı Müdafaa adlı eserlerini kaleme almıştır. Dinin başlangıcı konusunda araştırmaların bize anlattığı vahşeti reddeder. İnsanın rabbani bir talimle yaratıldığını ve başlangıcının bir kemal olduğunu savunur. Ona göre insan Allah'ın feyzinden uzaklaştıkça vahşete düşmüştür. Ahmed Mithat Efendi, dini tekamülü sırasıyla animizm, totemizm, fetişizm, putperestlik ve semavi dinler olarak anlatır. Geçmiş dinleri yaşadıkları coğrafyaya göre izah eder. Fetiş dinlerini Asya, Afrika ve Amerika olarak ayırır. Putperestleri; kaybolmuş putperest dinleri, Kitab-ı Mukaddes sahibi putperestler başlığı altında inceler. Semavi dinlerden en fazla hıristiyanlıkla meşgul olmuştur. Misyonerlere faaliyetlerine karşı yazdığı Müdafaa adlı eserleri yaşadığı döneme damgasını vurmuştur. Bu eserlerde öncelikle hıristiyanlık tarihi hakkında bilgi verir. Bu bilgileri kilise tarafından kutsal kabul edilen kitaplar ile incillerden derlemiştir. Hıristiyanların tarih boyunca yaptıkları rezaletleri anlatmıştır. Ayrıca incilin tahrifi, teslis, zelle gibi temel konular üzerine değerlendirmelerde bulunmuştur. Gençlere misyonerlik faaliyetlerine karşı uyarmış, en mükemmel dinin İslam dini olduğunu vurgulamıştır.
OF THESIS Islam sciences were not interested about history of religions very much. Sometimes in spite of they had wrote like Milel and Nihal that was not enough. But there were signs very much about it on west. In Turkey especially at the last times of Ottoman, religions that are different from Islam were comman. In different religions obligation of people's life made increase about history of religions. Especially at the last times, about christian missionaries' study Ottoman people started to interesing in history og religions. Ahmed Mithat Efendi who are very special in that time, didn't be stranger about that subject. He was giving lessons history of religions at Darulfunun, at the same time he was writing his sign Müdafaa against christian missionaries. He refuses searches which told us about beginning of the religion. He defences that people was created with a divine training and that beginning was a maturity. In his opinion; people became wild when they became far from Allah. Ahmed Mithat Efendi tells religious evolution; aninism, totemism, fetishism, idolatorismand divine religions in order. He expresses past religions about their geographies. He seperates fetish religions like Asia, African and America. He tells idolators; loss idolator religions and idolators who have sacred book. He was interested about christianity very much from divine religions. Müdafaa which Ahmed Mithat Efendi wrote it for christian missionaries' study, was very important in that time. In that sign, firstly he gave knowladge about history of christianity. Those knowladges include the Bibles and the other sacred books. He told disgraces of christians in history. At the same time he expressed his ideas about Bibles' destructionand trinity. He gave advices about missionaries and told that Islam was the most perfect religion.
OF THESIS Islam sciences were not interested about history of religions very much. Sometimes in spite of they had wrote like Milel and Nihal that was not enough. But there were signs very much about it on west. In Turkey especially at the last times of Ottoman, religions that are different from Islam were comman. In different religions obligation of people's life made increase about history of religions. Especially at the last times, about christian missionaries' study Ottoman people started to interesing in history og religions. Ahmed Mithat Efendi who are very special in that time, didn't be stranger about that subject. He was giving lessons history of religions at Darulfunun, at the same time he was writing his sign Müdafaa against christian missionaries. He refuses searches which told us about beginning of the religion. He defences that people was created with a divine training and that beginning was a maturity. In his opinion; people became wild when they became far from Allah. Ahmed Mithat Efendi tells religious evolution; aninism, totemism, fetishism, idolatorismand divine religions in order. He expresses past religions about their geographies. He seperates fetish religions like Asia, African and America. He tells idolators; loss idolator religions and idolators who have sacred book. He was interested about christianity very much from divine religions. Müdafaa which Ahmed Mithat Efendi wrote it for christian missionaries' study, was very important in that time. In that sign, firstly he gave knowladge about history of christianity. Those knowladges include the Bibles and the other sacred books. He told disgraces of christians in history. At the same time he expressed his ideas about Bibles' destructionand trinity. He gave advices about missionaries and told that Islam was the most perfect religion.