Publication: Televizyonda spor programcılığının ticarileşmesi
Abstract
Dünyada 1970’lerde yaşanan petrol krizinin körüklediği üretim düşüklüğü, yüksek enflasyon, artan işsizlik oranı ve ekonomik durgunluk ülkeleri yeni arayışlara yönlendirmiştir. Ülkeler, ekonomik bunalımdan kurtulmak için korumacılık politikalarını bırakarak özel girişimin desteklendiği, devletin piyasaya müdahalede bulunmadığı ve birinci amacın kar elde etmek olduğu kapitalist ekonomilere yönelmişlerdir. Ekonomik anlamda yaşanan bu değişim, zamanla hayatın tüm alanlarında etkisini göstermiş, rekabet, para kazanma vb. kavramlar öncelikli konuma gelmiştir. Yayıncılıkta serbest piyasa ekonomisinin benimsenmesiyle birlikte halkı bilgilendirme ve eğitme amacında olan kamu yayıncılığı tekelleri yıkılmış, özel televizyonlar yayın hayatına girmiştir. Tek amacı kar elde etmek olan ticari televizyonlar, ellerindeki her malzemeyi gelirlerini arttıracak bir meta olarak değerlendirmişlerdir. Bu anlayış doğrultusunda spor programları, futbol programlarına dönüşmüştür. Çünkü, futbol, değişik kesimden insanları aynı anda ekran başına toplamayı başarabilen, dolayısıyla “yüksek reyting” in birinci amaç olduğu televizyonlara istediği reytingi verebilen bir spor dalıdır. Bu yüzden, çalışmada, günümüzde spor denince akla futbolun geldiği ve diğer spor dallarının yok sayıldığı anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Televizyonun, spor algısını değiştirdiği gibi futbolun yapısını da değiştirdiği ve kendi önceliklerine göre futbolu yeniden yapılandırdığı ele alınmıştır. Futbolun sadece bir spor dalı olarak kalmadığı, büyük bir endüstriye dönüştüğü ve herkesin bu endüstriden pay almaya çalıştığı incelenmiştir
The deficit in production that was caused by the oil crisis in 1970 in the world, the high inflation, the unemployment and the economic stagnation, lead the countries towards new researches. To get free from the economic crisis, countries left protectionist policies and where directed towards capitalist economies where the firt aim’s to gain money and where private enterprise’s supported and where the state don’t interfere to the market. As time went by, this change that occured in an economical field affected all the sectors of life as competitiveness, money earning and other notions became priority notions. When free market economy was adopted in broadcasting, the monopoly of public broadcasting were cast down; commercial televisions started broadcasting. Commercial televisions, which single aim’s to earn money, valued as a goal all the material they had in their hands, in order to increase their profits. İn this regard sport programs turned into football programs because football can gather people of different levels at the same moment and it’s a sport that can give the desired rating as televisions’ first aim’s to get a high rating. This’s why, during working, one speaks of sport the first sport that comes to mind’s football and all the other sports are almost ignored. Televisions changed the perception of sport and the structure of football itself in accordance with its priorities. Football isn’t only a sport, it’s a huge industry and everybody’s trying to take a part of football.
The deficit in production that was caused by the oil crisis in 1970 in the world, the high inflation, the unemployment and the economic stagnation, lead the countries towards new researches. To get free from the economic crisis, countries left protectionist policies and where directed towards capitalist economies where the firt aim’s to gain money and where private enterprise’s supported and where the state don’t interfere to the market. As time went by, this change that occured in an economical field affected all the sectors of life as competitiveness, money earning and other notions became priority notions. When free market economy was adopted in broadcasting, the monopoly of public broadcasting were cast down; commercial televisions started broadcasting. Commercial televisions, which single aim’s to earn money, valued as a goal all the material they had in their hands, in order to increase their profits. İn this regard sport programs turned into football programs because football can gather people of different levels at the same moment and it’s a sport that can give the desired rating as televisions’ first aim’s to get a high rating. This’s why, during working, one speaks of sport the first sport that comes to mind’s football and all the other sports are almost ignored. Televisions changed the perception of sport and the structure of football itself in accordance with its priorities. Football isn’t only a sport, it’s a huge industry and everybody’s trying to take a part of football.