Publication: Saf selüloz esaslı kaplanmamış kağıtlara alkol bazlı mürekkeplerle yapılan baskılarda kaliteyi etkileyen koşulların incelenmesi
Abstract
Çalışmaya kağıdın ana hammaddesi olan selülozun açıklanmasıyla başlandı. Selülozun elde edildiği bitki ve odun çeşitleri ile farklı selüloz elde etme yöntemleri incelendi. Mekanik odun hamuru üretimi, ormandan kağıt hamuruna katılıncaya kadar olan süreç detaylı olarak anlatıldı. Kimyasal ve yarı kimyasal selüloz üretim yöntemleri, kimyasalların özellikleri, üretim aşamasındaki uygulama yöntem ve parametrelerinin elde edilecek selülozun fiziksel özelliklerine etkisi incelenerek açıklandı. Beyazlatma, beyazlatma kimyasalları, beyazlatma sürecindeki özel yöntemlerin selülozun performansına etkisi anlatıldı. Selülozun fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri, su, asit, baz, ışık, hava gibi unsurların selüloza etkisi incelendi. Selülozun sıvı emme yeteneği, kapiler davranışı ve sıvı emme yeteneği tayini; permeabilite, kapilerite ve viskozite kavramları etkisinde incelenerek anlatıldı. Çalışmanın temelini teşkil eden düşük gramajlı selüloz esaslı kağıtların üretim süreci detaylı olarak anlatıldı. Yine çalışma konusunun denel olarak aydınlatılmasında en uygun olabilecek; farklı tram sıklığı, mikro çizgiler, tramton degredesi ve tramlı resimlerin bulunduğu bir test filmi bilgisayarda oluşturuldu ve flekso baskı kalıbı hazırlandı. Flekso baskı mürekkeplerinin fiziksel ve kimyasal yapısı, mürekkebin kağıda nüfuzunda kağıt mürekkep ilişkisi, porozite kavramı açıklandı. 17 g/ m2 Toprak ve 18 g/ m2 Viking saf selüloz esaslı kağıtlar üzerine, hazırlanan test filmiyle pozlandırılan flekso kalıbıyla test baskısı yapıldı. Streoskopik Nixon HFX-DX SM2 - 2T mikroskop ile; Test filmi, baskı kalıbı ve baskılı iki farklı saf selüloz esaslı kağıdın ön ve arka yüzeylerinden zemin baskı, ön yüzeylerinden % 3'lük, % 5'lik ve % 50'lik tramton görüntüleri 45 kez büyültülerek resimleri çekildi. Resimler ve test baskıları üzerinde yapılan incelemeler ışığında saf selüloz esaslı kağıtlar üzerine yapılan baskılarda, kaliteli sonuçların elde edilmesi için saptanan parametreler verildi.
THE INVESTIGATION OF THE CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE QUALITY IN THE PRINTS USED ALCOHOL BASED INKS AND UNCOATED PAPERS HAVING PURE CELLULOSE In the first party of this study, cellulose, a main ingredient of paper was explained in detail. Different methods for obtaining cellulose and different plant and wood species bearing cellulose was described. The production of mechanical wood pulp was described, from the forest to the final step, in detail. The chemical and semi-chemical cellulose production methods, the features of chemicals used, the effect of application methods and parameters in the production stage to the physical properties of the cellulose were described. The cellulose whitening procedure, whitening chemicals, the effect of special methods in the whitening period to the performance of cellulose were also explained. The physical and chemical properties of cellulose, the effect of some parameters ie. water, acid, base, light and atmosphere to celullose molecule was investigated. The water absorptibility of cellulose, its capillary behaviour and the determination of its water obsorptibility were described in the light of permeability, capillarity and viscosity definitions. As a main part of this study, the production stage of cellulose based papers with lower grammage was described. For the experimental identification of the present subject, a test film with different trams, micro lines, tramtone degradation and pictures with trams was designed in a computer and a flesco print was prepared using the parameters. The physical and chemical structures of flesco printing inks, the paper-ink relation in the absorption of ink into paper and porosity definition were also described. A test print was performed with a flesco plate exposed with a test film prepared with pure cellulose based papers of 17 g/ m2 Toprak and 18 g/ m2 Viking grade. The pictures of a test film, printing plate and backround print from the two different pure cellulose based papers, 3%, %5 and 50% tramtone views from the front surfaces were obtained by a steroscopic Nixon HFX-DX SM2-2T microscope with a 45 times magnification. In the light of investigations performed with the pictures and test prints in the present study, the important parameters were described for the prints on the pure cellulose based papers in order to be able to obtain results with high quality.
THE INVESTIGATION OF THE CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE QUALITY IN THE PRINTS USED ALCOHOL BASED INKS AND UNCOATED PAPERS HAVING PURE CELLULOSE In the first party of this study, cellulose, a main ingredient of paper was explained in detail. Different methods for obtaining cellulose and different plant and wood species bearing cellulose was described. The production of mechanical wood pulp was described, from the forest to the final step, in detail. The chemical and semi-chemical cellulose production methods, the features of chemicals used, the effect of application methods and parameters in the production stage to the physical properties of the cellulose were described. The cellulose whitening procedure, whitening chemicals, the effect of special methods in the whitening period to the performance of cellulose were also explained. The physical and chemical properties of cellulose, the effect of some parameters ie. water, acid, base, light and atmosphere to celullose molecule was investigated. The water absorptibility of cellulose, its capillary behaviour and the determination of its water obsorptibility were described in the light of permeability, capillarity and viscosity definitions. As a main part of this study, the production stage of cellulose based papers with lower grammage was described. For the experimental identification of the present subject, a test film with different trams, micro lines, tramtone degradation and pictures with trams was designed in a computer and a flesco print was prepared using the parameters. The physical and chemical structures of flesco printing inks, the paper-ink relation in the absorption of ink into paper and porosity definition were also described. A test print was performed with a flesco plate exposed with a test film prepared with pure cellulose based papers of 17 g/ m2 Toprak and 18 g/ m2 Viking grade. The pictures of a test film, printing plate and backround print from the two different pure cellulose based papers, 3%, %5 and 50% tramtone views from the front surfaces were obtained by a steroscopic Nixon HFX-DX SM2-2T microscope with a 45 times magnification. In the light of investigations performed with the pictures and test prints in the present study, the important parameters were described for the prints on the pure cellulose based papers in order to be able to obtain results with high quality.