Publication: İşverenin araç ve malzeme sağlama ve giderlere katlanma borcu
Abstract
İşçi ile işveren arasındaki iş ilişkisinin sağlıklı bir şekilde devam edebilmesi, tarafların karşılıklı borçlarını gereğine uygun ve zamanında yerine getirmeleri ile mümkündür. Bu borçların gereğince ifa edilebilmesi ise tarafların karşılıklı hak ve borçlarının kapsamını açık bir şekilde bilmeleri ile mümkün olabilir. İşçi ile işverenin karşılıklı hak ve borçlarının kapsamı, sınırları mevzuatta düzenlenmişse de özellikle toplumsal yaşamda ve teknolojide yaşanmakta olan hızlı gelişim, dönüşüm, hem iş ilişkisinin karakterini hem de bunda kullanılan araç ve malzemenin niteliğini hızla değiştirmektedir. İşçilerin mal veya hizmet üretiminde ihtiyaç duydukları araç ve malzemenin niteliği ile bunların teminine ilişkin sahip olunan çeşitli imkânlar, işverenin araç ve malzeme sağlama borcunun kapsamını belirlemektedir. Ancak tümünde ortak yön, işin görülmesi için gerekli tüm giderlerin işverence karşılaması yükümlülüğüdür. İşverenin araç ve malzeme sağlama ve giderlere katlanma borcuna ilişkin düzenlemeler 4857 sayılı İş Kanunu’nda değil, buna göre genel düzenleme niteliğindeki 6098 sayılı Türk Borçlar Kanunu’nun 413. ila 416. maddeleri arasında yer almaktadır. İşverenin araç ve malzeme sağlama borcu Türk Borçlar Kanunu m. 413 ve 415’te, giderlere katlanma borcu ise m. 414 ve 416’da düzenlenmiştir. Araç ve malzeme sağlama ve giderlere katlanma borcunun kapsamının tespitinde, 6331 sayılı İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanunu ile ilgili mevzuattaki düzenlemeler de belirleyicidir. Gerçekten iş sağlığı ve güvenliğini sağlamak için işçilere verilmesi gereken araç ve malzemeler ile yapılması gereken tüm giderlerin, iş sağlığı ve güvenliğinin sözleşmeler hukukundan kamu hukukuna dönüşmüş niteliği nedeniyle TBK’daki düzenlemelerden ayrıca ve özel olarak ele alınması gerekmektedir. Tezimizin konusunu ana hatlarıyla TBK’da düzenlenmiş olan işverenin araç ve malzeme sağlama ve giderlere katlanma borcu oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda araç, malzeme ve gider kavramlarının tanımı; işveren tarafından temin edilmesi gereken araç ve malzeme ile karşılanması gereken giderlerin kapsamı; temin edilmelerinin farklı ihtimaller dâhilinde hukuki nitelikleri; temin edilmeme hâllerinin hukuki sonuçları tezde ele alınan temel meselelerdir.
The sustainable continuation of the employment relationship between the worker and the employer is possible through the mutual fulfilment of their responsibilities. The fulfilment of these responsibilities requires clear awareness of the rights and obligations of both parties. Although the legislator determines and defines the boundaries of these rights and obligations through various legal regulations, the rapid developments in the field of technology, especially in recent times, continue to change both the character of employment relationships and the nature of the tools and materials used. The quality of the tools and materials needed by workers for the production of goods or services, along with the available resources for obtaining them, determines the scope of the employer's obligation to provide tools and materials. The employer is also obligated to cover all necessary expenses arising from the performance of the work. The regulations regarding the employer's obligation to provide tools and materials and reimburse expenses are found in articles 413 to 416 of the Turkish Obligation Code numbered 6098. The obligation to provide tools and materials by the employer is regulated in Turkish Obligation Code articles 413 and 415, while the obligation to reimburse expenses is regulated in Turkish Obligation Code articles 414 and 416. In determining the scope of the obligation to provide tools and materials and reimburse expenses, it is necessary to consider the regulations in the Occupational Health and Safety Law numbered 6331 and other relevant legislation. Especially, the regulations related to the tools and materials to be provided to workers or the expenses to be incurred for the establishment of occupational health and safety require the consideration of both legal frameworks in some instances. The main focus of our thesis is the obligation of the employer to provide tools and materials and reimburse expenses, as regulated in the Turkish Obligation Code numbered 6098. Within this scope, the definition of the concepts of tools, materials, and expenses; the scope of tools and materials to be provided by the employer and expenses to be covered; the legal characters of obtaining them in different scenarios; and the legal consequences of failure to obtain them are fundamental issues addressed.
The sustainable continuation of the employment relationship between the worker and the employer is possible through the mutual fulfilment of their responsibilities. The fulfilment of these responsibilities requires clear awareness of the rights and obligations of both parties. Although the legislator determines and defines the boundaries of these rights and obligations through various legal regulations, the rapid developments in the field of technology, especially in recent times, continue to change both the character of employment relationships and the nature of the tools and materials used. The quality of the tools and materials needed by workers for the production of goods or services, along with the available resources for obtaining them, determines the scope of the employer's obligation to provide tools and materials. The employer is also obligated to cover all necessary expenses arising from the performance of the work. The regulations regarding the employer's obligation to provide tools and materials and reimburse expenses are found in articles 413 to 416 of the Turkish Obligation Code numbered 6098. The obligation to provide tools and materials by the employer is regulated in Turkish Obligation Code articles 413 and 415, while the obligation to reimburse expenses is regulated in Turkish Obligation Code articles 414 and 416. In determining the scope of the obligation to provide tools and materials and reimburse expenses, it is necessary to consider the regulations in the Occupational Health and Safety Law numbered 6331 and other relevant legislation. Especially, the regulations related to the tools and materials to be provided to workers or the expenses to be incurred for the establishment of occupational health and safety require the consideration of both legal frameworks in some instances. The main focus of our thesis is the obligation of the employer to provide tools and materials and reimburse expenses, as regulated in the Turkish Obligation Code numbered 6098. Within this scope, the definition of the concepts of tools, materials, and expenses; the scope of tools and materials to be provided by the employer and expenses to be covered; the legal characters of obtaining them in different scenarios; and the legal consequences of failure to obtain them are fundamental issues addressed.