Publication: Vakıf ve iktisadi işletmelerinde mali tabloların konsolidasyonu ve bir uygulama örneği
Abstract
Kuruluşları gereği kâr amaçlı ticari faaliyette bulunamayan vakıflar, amaç edindikleri hizmetleri devam ettirebilmek için farklı gelir kaynakları arayışına gitmekte, bunlardan bir kısmı bağlı iktisadi işletme kurmayı, bir kısmı da sermaye şirketlerine iştirak etmeyi tercih etmektedir. Bu tür vakıflar genellikle büyük sermaye gruplarının desteğiyle kurulmakta ve diğer şirketlere iştirak ederek bunların hisselerinin çoğunluğuna sahip olmakta, aynı zamanda şirket yönetim ve denetimlerinde de etkin hale gelmektedirler. Bu durum, bir yandan vakıf topluluğunun genel mali durumunu görebilme ve faaliyet sonuçları hakkında topluca bilgi edinebilme sorununu doğurmakta, diğer yandan ise mali denetimi güçleştirmektedir. Vakıf ve İktisadi İşletmelerinde Mali Tabloların Konsolidasyonu ve Bir Uygulama Örneği başlıklı bu tezin amacı, çoğunlukla holding türü şirketlerde kullanılan mali tabloların konsolidasyon işlemini vakıflar ve vakıflara bağlı iktisadi işletmeler ile bağlı ortaklıklara uygulamak ve bu süreçte ortaya çıkabilecek sorunları saptamaktır. Çalışmada yer alan örnek uygulamada, Türkiye Muhasebe Standartları 5 esas alınarak bir vakıf topluluğunun bünyesinde yer alan iki adet bağlı iktisadi işletmeye ve beş adet bağlı ortaklığa ait temel mali tablolar konsolide edilmiştir. Yöntem olarak brüt konsolidasyon yöntemi, konsolidasyon şekli olarak ise yatay konsolidasyon tercih edilmiştir. Vakıfların yasal olarak konsolide mali tabloları düzenleme zorunlulukları bulunmamakla birlikte, iştirak portföyü geniş vakıflarda mütevelli heyet, vakıf topluluğunun genel mali durumunu görebilmek ve faaliyet sonuçları hakkında bilgi edinebilmek için, dilerse yönetim kurulundan topluluğa ait konsolide mali tabloların düzenlenmesini isteyebilir. Konsolide mali tablolar, genelde vakıf ve iktisadi işletme faaliyetlerinin mali sonuçlarının verimliliğinin ölçülmesinde bir ölçüt olarak kullanılabilir. Bu tür tablolar vakıf mal varlığının ve iktisadi işletme kaynaklarının ne derece etkin kullanıldığının tespit edilmesinde ve topluluğun finansal büyüme tahlillerinin yapılmasında da faydalıdır. Bunun yanı sıra, konsolide mali tablolar kullanıldığı takdirde, vergi ve muafiyet politikalarını belirleyen Devlet, bağlı iktisadi işletme veya iştirak sahibi vakıfların ekonomiye katkılarının değerlendirilmesi ve yaygınlaştırılması hususlarında daha rasyonel veriler sağlayabilir. Sonuç olarak, Devlete sağlayacağı yararlar da göz önünde bulundurularak, vakıf mütevelli heyetine ve yöneticilere bilgi sağlamak amacıyla konsolide mali tabloların hazırlanması zorunlu kılınmalı ve buna yönelik yasa ve yönetmelikler oluşturulmalıdır.
Foundations that, by nature, may not perform for-profit commercial activities seek various income sources so as to provide services to realize their objectives. Some foundations set up subsidiary economic enterprises while others prefer to join the capital ventures. Such foundations, generally being set up with the support of large corporations, join other companies, buy majority of their shares and thus have a say on the administration and control of those companies. This makes it difficult to evaluate the overall financial situation of the foundation and to obtain information about the outcomes of its activities, thereby making financial auditing more problematic. This thesis, entitled Consolidation of Financial Tables in Foundations and Subsidiary Economic Enterprises: A Case Study, aims to apply the consolidation of financial tables, which is mostly used by large for-profit corporations, to non-profit foundations and their subsidiary economic enterprises/ joint ventures and to determine the difficulties that may arise in this process. Based on the Turkish Accounting Standards 5, the case study included in the thesis consolidates the basic financial tables of the two subsidiary economic enterprises and five joint ventures that belong to a foundation. The gross consolidation method was preferred along with the type of horizontal consolidation. Although foundations are not required by law organize their consolidated financial tables, the board of trustees of a foundation that has subsidiary economic enterprises with large joint portfolios may ask the executive council to organize the consolidated financial tables in order to better evaluate the financial situation of the group and the results of its actrivities. Such financial tables can in general be used as a criterion to measure the productivity of the financial results of a foundation and its subsidiary economic enterprises. In addition, they can be useful to determine how effectively the properties of the foundation and resources of its subsidiary economic enterprises are used, and to analyze the financial growth of the group. Furthermore, the State which determines the policies of taxation and exemptions can gather more rational data about the contributions of foundations and their subsidiary economic enterprises/ joint ventures to the national economy and diffusion of such policies. To conclude, in order to provide information to the board of trustees and executive council of the foundation, and taking its benefits to the State into consideration as well, the preparation of consolidated financial tables must be mandatory and laws and by-laws towards this aim should be made accordingly.
Foundations that, by nature, may not perform for-profit commercial activities seek various income sources so as to provide services to realize their objectives. Some foundations set up subsidiary economic enterprises while others prefer to join the capital ventures. Such foundations, generally being set up with the support of large corporations, join other companies, buy majority of their shares and thus have a say on the administration and control of those companies. This makes it difficult to evaluate the overall financial situation of the foundation and to obtain information about the outcomes of its activities, thereby making financial auditing more problematic. This thesis, entitled Consolidation of Financial Tables in Foundations and Subsidiary Economic Enterprises: A Case Study, aims to apply the consolidation of financial tables, which is mostly used by large for-profit corporations, to non-profit foundations and their subsidiary economic enterprises/ joint ventures and to determine the difficulties that may arise in this process. Based on the Turkish Accounting Standards 5, the case study included in the thesis consolidates the basic financial tables of the two subsidiary economic enterprises and five joint ventures that belong to a foundation. The gross consolidation method was preferred along with the type of horizontal consolidation. Although foundations are not required by law organize their consolidated financial tables, the board of trustees of a foundation that has subsidiary economic enterprises with large joint portfolios may ask the executive council to organize the consolidated financial tables in order to better evaluate the financial situation of the group and the results of its actrivities. Such financial tables can in general be used as a criterion to measure the productivity of the financial results of a foundation and its subsidiary economic enterprises. In addition, they can be useful to determine how effectively the properties of the foundation and resources of its subsidiary economic enterprises are used, and to analyze the financial growth of the group. Furthermore, the State which determines the policies of taxation and exemptions can gather more rational data about the contributions of foundations and their subsidiary economic enterprises/ joint ventures to the national economy and diffusion of such policies. To conclude, in order to provide information to the board of trustees and executive council of the foundation, and taking its benefits to the State into consideration as well, the preparation of consolidated financial tables must be mandatory and laws and by-laws towards this aim should be made accordingly.