Publication: Edebiyat sosyolojisi ve söylem etiği’nin çeviribilim’e yansımaları: Dr. Jivago örneği
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Edebiyat eseri ve çevirisi, eserleri üreten, çeviren ve tüketen birçok eyleyici, kurum ve aracı içeren
toplumsal bir olgudur. Bu çok katmanlı toplumsal olgu, kendi bağlamı ve dönemine ilişkin temsilleri
ve toplumsal biliş izlerini de taşır ve onlardan etkilenir. Söz konusu etkileşim ağında eyleyicilik,
aracılık ve onay makamları edebi eserin hem üretiminde hem de sunumu, dolanımı ve
alımlanmasında belirleyici rol oynar. Siyasal, dinsel ve ekonomik erkin edebiyata biçtiği rol ve işlev
de dikkate değerdir. Eserlerin sosyolojisi iç-dış sosyoloji/eser ve bağlam olarak ikili zıtlık şeklinde
ayrışamamaktadır. Ayrıca, eserlerin ve toplumların sosyolojik çözümlemesi kadar edebi beğeninin
sosyolojisi de önem taşır. Çeviri edebiyatın bu çetrefilli ağında bireylerin “konumlanmalar”ı ve
“olasılıklar” yani kararlar ve seçimler çözümlemeye değerdir. Itamar Even-Zohar’ın repertuar adını
verdiği bu olasılıklar havuzuna Pierre Bourdieu olasılıklar “alan”ı demektedir. Çeviri sosyolojisi,
eserlerin üretim sürecinin, alanın, bir meslek olarak yazarlığın ve çeviri sürecindeki tüm
eyleyicilerin sosyolojik çözümlemesine ışık tutmaktadır. Yayınevleri, hükümetler, medya kuruluşları
kadar mesleki örgütler, festivaller, kulüpler ve ödüllerin de bu ağdaki konumlanmaları ve kararları
etkilediği, çeviri sosyolojisi alanındaki çalışmalarla ortaya konulmaktadır. Kültürlerarası asimetrik
güç ilişkilerinin dahil olduğu bu noktada toplumsal biliş, kültürel temsiller ve söylemler ve bu
söylemlerin etiği devreye girmektedir. Eyleyicilerin habitusları kendi eğilim, eğitim ve ideolojileri
kadar bu toplumsal söylemler ve (bireylerarası ve kültürlerarası) ilişkiler ağından da etkilenmektedir.
Bu çalışmada edebiyat sosyolojisi ve söylem etiğinin Çeviribilim’e yansımalarını, Boris
Pasternak’ın Doktor Jivago adlı romanının üretim, çeviri ve dolanım süreci üzerinden Gisèle
Sapiro’nun kuramsal çerçevesiyle irdelenmeye çalışılacaktır.
Literary text and its translation is a social phenomenon including various agents, institutions and mediators that produce, translate and consume literary works. This multi-layered social phenomenon has traces of representations and social cognition of its own context and time period and also it is affected by them. In this web of interaction, authorities of agency, mediation and approval have a determining role in the processes of production, circulation and reception of literary texts. The role and functions which are constructed by political, religious and economical authorities also deserve attention. Thus, the sociology of literary works cannot be handled seperately as the dichotomy of work verus context or internal versus external sociology. Additionally, the sociological analysis of literary taste is as significant as the sociological analysis of literary works and communities. The “positioning” of individuals and “possibilities” in this complicated web of translated literature worth studying. This pool of possibilities, which is referred with the concept “reportoire” by Even-Zohar, is named “field” by Pierre Bourdieu. Translation sociology shed light on the production process of works, field, authorship and sociological analysis of all agents in the translation process. With the studies in the sociology of translation it is manifested that publishing houses, governments, media foundations, festivals and clubs affect the positionings and decisions in the web. At this intersection, social cognition, cultural representations and discourses and the ethics of these discourses come into discussion. The habitus of agents are affected by these social cognitions and (interpersonal and intercultural) relationships as well as their own tendencies, educational background and ideologies. This paper tries to look into the projections of the sociology of literature and ethics of discourse on Translation Studies through analyzing the production, translation and circulation process of the novel Doctor Zhivago by Boris Pasternak with the theoretical background of Gisèle Sapiro.
Literary text and its translation is a social phenomenon including various agents, institutions and mediators that produce, translate and consume literary works. This multi-layered social phenomenon has traces of representations and social cognition of its own context and time period and also it is affected by them. In this web of interaction, authorities of agency, mediation and approval have a determining role in the processes of production, circulation and reception of literary texts. The role and functions which are constructed by political, religious and economical authorities also deserve attention. Thus, the sociology of literary works cannot be handled seperately as the dichotomy of work verus context or internal versus external sociology. Additionally, the sociological analysis of literary taste is as significant as the sociological analysis of literary works and communities. The “positioning” of individuals and “possibilities” in this complicated web of translated literature worth studying. This pool of possibilities, which is referred with the concept “reportoire” by Even-Zohar, is named “field” by Pierre Bourdieu. Translation sociology shed light on the production process of works, field, authorship and sociological analysis of all agents in the translation process. With the studies in the sociology of translation it is manifested that publishing houses, governments, media foundations, festivals and clubs affect the positionings and decisions in the web. At this intersection, social cognition, cultural representations and discourses and the ethics of these discourses come into discussion. The habitus of agents are affected by these social cognitions and (interpersonal and intercultural) relationships as well as their own tendencies, educational background and ideologies. This paper tries to look into the projections of the sociology of literature and ethics of discourse on Translation Studies through analyzing the production, translation and circulation process of the novel Doctor Zhivago by Boris Pasternak with the theoretical background of Gisèle Sapiro.
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YILMAZ KUTLAY S., \"“Edebiyat Sosyolojisi ve Söylem Etiği’nin Çeviribilim’e Yansımaları: Dr.Jivago Örneği”\", ICASTIS: Uluslararası Akademik Çeviribilim Çalışmaları Kongresi, Bolu, Türkiye, 29 Eylül - 01 Ekim 2022, ss.103-111
