Publication: İlahi hitabın mahiyeti çerçevesinde Bâkıllânî'nin usul düşüncesi
Abstract
Hicrî dördüncü asır âlimlerinden Bâkıllânî (v. 403/ 1013), Eş‘arî kelâmının sistemli bir hale gelmesinde etkili bir rol oynamıştır. Ancak Bâkıllânî’nin kelâm ilmi dışında usul ilmi açısından da önemli bir konumu bulunmaktadır. Usul ilminin olgunlaştığı bir dönemde bu ilmin bütün konularını içerecek şekilde ele aldığı et-Takrîb ve’l-irşâd eseri kurucu bir usul eseri olma özelliğine sahiptir. Bu eserde Bâkıllânî, bir taraftan nazarî bir ilim olan ve bu açıdan kelâm ile benzer bazı hususiyetlere sahip usulün kelâm ilminden farklılaşan yönlerine işaret etmiş, diğer yandan usul ilmini bütünüyle şer‘î sınırlar içerisinde değerlendirmiştir. Bu açıdan Mu‘tezile’nin aklî teklif anlayışının izlerinin görüldüğü usul ilmini Ehl-i Sünnet dairesi içerisinde yeniden inşa etmiştir. Bu çalışma Bâkıllânî ve et-Takrîb eseri özelinde ilahi hitabın mükellefin fiilleri için hüküm olma keyfiyetini incelemektedir. Hitabın nasıl anlaşılacağı, hangi esaslar üzerine bina edileceği ve hitaptaki lafızların anlamlarının nasıl tespit edileceğine dair Eş‘arî bir âlimin ortaya koyduğu kelamî ve lügavî zemin ele alınacaktır. Bu teorik meselelerin somut bir göstergesi olarak emir ve nehiydeki bazı hususlar incelenecektir.
Al-Bāqillānī, a fourth-century scholar, played an influential role in the systematization of Ashʿarite theology. However, in addition to theology, al-Bāqillānī also has an important position in terms of the Islamic legal theory (usūl al-fiqh). His work Al-Taqrīb wa'l-Irshād, which he wrote in a period when the Islamic legal theory was maturing, has the characteristic of being a founding work of al-usūl. In this work, al-Bāqillānī, on the one hand, pointed out the differentiating aspects of al-usūl, which is a theoretical science and has some similar characteristics with theology in this respect, from the theology and on the other hand, he evaluated the Islamic legal theory entirely within the boundaries of sharī'ah. In this respect, he reconstructed the Islamic legal theory within the circle of Ahl al-Sunnah, in which traces of the Mu'tazilites' understanding of rational proposal are seen. This study examines the nature of the divine speech as a judgment for the acts of the obligator in the specific case of al-Bāqillānī and his work al-Taqrīb. The theological and lexicological grounds laid by an Ashʿarī scholar on how to understand the speech, on which principles it is based, and how to determine the meaning of the words in the speech will be discussed. As a concrete indication of these theoretical issues, some aspects of command and prohibition will be analyzed.
Al-Bāqillānī, a fourth-century scholar, played an influential role in the systematization of Ashʿarite theology. However, in addition to theology, al-Bāqillānī also has an important position in terms of the Islamic legal theory (usūl al-fiqh). His work Al-Taqrīb wa'l-Irshād, which he wrote in a period when the Islamic legal theory was maturing, has the characteristic of being a founding work of al-usūl. In this work, al-Bāqillānī, on the one hand, pointed out the differentiating aspects of al-usūl, which is a theoretical science and has some similar characteristics with theology in this respect, from the theology and on the other hand, he evaluated the Islamic legal theory entirely within the boundaries of sharī'ah. In this respect, he reconstructed the Islamic legal theory within the circle of Ahl al-Sunnah, in which traces of the Mu'tazilites' understanding of rational proposal are seen. This study examines the nature of the divine speech as a judgment for the acts of the obligator in the specific case of al-Bāqillānī and his work al-Taqrīb. The theological and lexicological grounds laid by an Ashʿarī scholar on how to understand the speech, on which principles it is based, and how to determine the meaning of the words in the speech will be discussed. As a concrete indication of these theoretical issues, some aspects of command and prohibition will be analyzed.