Publication: Tüketim kültürü bağlamında yavaş kent hareketi : yabancılaşmadan kaçış ve bireysel özgürleşme
Abstract
Yavaş Kent (Cittaslow) Hareketi, küreselleşmen yarattığı olumsuz kültürel değişime ve metropol yaşamının hıza ve tüketime endeksli yaşam biçiminin neden olduğu yabancılaşma hislerine karşı bir “yaşam alternatifi” sunmaktadır. Yavaş Kentler, bireylerin “daha iyi bir yaşama” sahip olabileceği, kendi gerçek ihtiyaçları ve yeteneklerini fark edebildiği, bireysel özgürlükleri bağlamında kendilerini geliştirebilmelerine imkân tanıyan “güvenli sığınaklar” olarak tanıtılmaktadır. Dünyada 264 adet Yavaş Kent bulunmakta, Türkiye’de ise bugün sayısı 18’e ulaşan kentlerin ilki, 2009 yılında Yavaş Kent unvanı alan İzmir’e bağlı Seferihisar İlçesi olmaktadır. İlçe, aldığı bu unvan ile markalaşmış ve metropol yaşamından yorulan kişiler için bir yaşam alternatifi oluşturmuştur. Ancak gördüğü talep ile önemli oranda nüfus artışı yaşayan Seferihisar, metropollere ait sorunları yaşamaya başlamış, karşıt olduğunu üreten bir paradoks yaratarak, gelenlerin gitmek istemeleriyle karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Bu çalışma, Seferihisar’ın Yavaş Kent unvanı almasının ardından girdiği değişim sürecini, metropol yaşamını terk ederek sakin bir yaşam arayışıyla gelenler üzerinden değerlendirme çabasındadır. Fenomenolojik yaklaşımla ilerleyen bir araştırma deseniyle; Türkiye’nin 3 büyük kenti (metropolü) olan İstanbul, Ankara ve İzmir’den gelip ilçeye yerleşen 7 kişi ile yürütülen derinlemesine görüşmelerin yanı sıra doküman analizi, uzman görüşü ve gözlem gibi veri toplama tekniklerine başvurulmuştur. Tematik düzenlemenin ardından betimsel analiz ile veriler çözümlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda, yabancılaşmadan kurtuluş ve bireysel özgürleşme bağlamında Yavaş Kemt Seferihisar gibi Yavaş Kentler seçeneğinin, kapitalist kentsel koşulları yeniden üretmesi nedeniyle bir yaşam alternatifi olmayabileceği anlaşılmıştır. Bu nedenle bireysel özgürlüğün mekânsal değil, zihinsel olması gerektiği düşüncesinden yola çıkılarak, gündelik yaşam kuramları ile yavaş yaşam felsefesi birlikte ele alınarak metropol yaşamından çıkmadan özgürleşmenin mümkün olup olmadığı tartışılmıştır.
The Cittaslow Movement offers an “alternative life” against the negative cultural change created by globalization and the alienation feelings caused by the metropolitan lifestyle based on speed and consumption. Cittaslows are promoted as “safe shelters” where individuals can have a “better life” and enable them to develop themselves in the context of their individual emancipation by realizing their real needs and abilities. Today, there are 264 Cittaslows all around the world and 18 of them are existing in Turkey. The first Cittaslow of Turkey is Seferihisar, district of İzmir, owned the “Cittaslow” title at 2009. After that title, Seferihisar has become a brand and offered an alternative lifestyle for people who are tired of fast metropolitan life. However, Seferihisar faced a significant population increase and started to experience problems belonging to metropolitan cities. Thus it started to lost its tranquility and it had to face the fact that some inhabitants already want to leave and a paradox occured. This study attempts to evaluate the transformation process that Seferihisar entered after it was entitled to be a Cittaslow, through those who left the metropolitan life and came in search of a quiet life. With a research design that progresses with a phenomenological approach, in depth interviews were conducted with 7 people, settled down in Seferihisar from the 3 largest cities of Turkey (İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir). Besides, document analysis, expert opinion and observation constitued the other techniques for data collection. After the thematic arrangement, the data were analyzed with descriptive analyzing method. As a result of the findings, it was understood that the option of small cities like Cittaslow Seferihisar, in the context of liberation from alienation and individual emancipation, may not offer an alternative living because it reproduces the capitalist urban condition: For this reason, based on the idea that individual freedom should be mental, not spatial, it was discussed whether it is possible to gain emancipation without leaving the metropolitan conditions through the theories of daily life together with the philosophy of “Slow Living”.
The Cittaslow Movement offers an “alternative life” against the negative cultural change created by globalization and the alienation feelings caused by the metropolitan lifestyle based on speed and consumption. Cittaslows are promoted as “safe shelters” where individuals can have a “better life” and enable them to develop themselves in the context of their individual emancipation by realizing their real needs and abilities. Today, there are 264 Cittaslows all around the world and 18 of them are existing in Turkey. The first Cittaslow of Turkey is Seferihisar, district of İzmir, owned the “Cittaslow” title at 2009. After that title, Seferihisar has become a brand and offered an alternative lifestyle for people who are tired of fast metropolitan life. However, Seferihisar faced a significant population increase and started to experience problems belonging to metropolitan cities. Thus it started to lost its tranquility and it had to face the fact that some inhabitants already want to leave and a paradox occured. This study attempts to evaluate the transformation process that Seferihisar entered after it was entitled to be a Cittaslow, through those who left the metropolitan life and came in search of a quiet life. With a research design that progresses with a phenomenological approach, in depth interviews were conducted with 7 people, settled down in Seferihisar from the 3 largest cities of Turkey (İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir). Besides, document analysis, expert opinion and observation constitued the other techniques for data collection. After the thematic arrangement, the data were analyzed with descriptive analyzing method. As a result of the findings, it was understood that the option of small cities like Cittaslow Seferihisar, in the context of liberation from alienation and individual emancipation, may not offer an alternative living because it reproduces the capitalist urban condition: For this reason, based on the idea that individual freedom should be mental, not spatial, it was discussed whether it is possible to gain emancipation without leaving the metropolitan conditions through the theories of daily life together with the philosophy of “Slow Living”.