Publication: Almanya’daki Türk diasporası ve Türkiye-Almanya ilişkilerine etkisi
Abstract
Diaspora çalışmaları Avrupa ülkeleri ve gelişmiş ülkelerde oldukça eskiye dayanmakla birlikteTürkiye’de 2000’li yıllardan sonra ele alınmaya başlanmıştır. Son yıllarda ise özellikle siyasiretorikte sıklıkla kullanılmaya başlanan diaspora olgusu Türkiye’de giderek daha ön planaçıkmasına karşın, Türkiye diaspora gücünün farkına çok geç varmış ve yurt dışındakidiasporasını örgütlemede başarısız olmuştur. Özellikle AK Parti iktidarı döneminde, diasporapolitikalarının belirgin bir ivme kazandığı görülürken, Türk diasporasına yönelik yeni kurumve enstrümanlar kurulmuş ve Türk diasporası siyasi ilişkilerin yanında kamu diplomasisinin birkonusu haline gelmiştir. Bu tez çalışmasının amacı, Almanya örneği üzerinden TürkiyeAlmanya ilişkileri çerçevesinde Türk diaspora faaliyetlerini analiz etmektir. Aynı zamandaTürkiye-Almanya ilişkilerine Almanya’da yaşayan Türk diasporasının nasıl bir etkidebulunduğunu irdelemektir. Ayrıca bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin diaspora politikaları, Almanya’dafaaliyet gösteren Türk sivil toplum kuruluşları ve lobicilik faaliyetleri incelenmiş olup,Almanya özelindeki mevcut yapı ortaya çıkarılarak, bu konuda gerek devlet politikasınıngerekse sivil toplum politikasının yenilenmesi ve geliştirilmesi için önerilerde bulunmaktadır.Bu kapsamda, Almanya’da 12 katılımcıyla ve Türkiye’de 6 uzman ile derinlemesine mülakatlargerçekleştirilmiş ve saha araştırması yoluyla Türk diaspora politikasının yurt dışında yaşayan iiiTürklerin toplumsal ve siyasi sorunları bağlamında sunduğu imkân ve sınırlılıklar bizzatAlmanya’da yaşayan Türk diaspora üyelerinin gözünden anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Dörtbölümden oluşan çalışmanın ilk bölümü, diaspora kavramı hakkındadır. İkinci bölümdeTürkiye’nin diaspora politikaları ve Türkiye’nin diaspora politikası yürütücülerine yönelikbilgiler verilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde örnek ülke Almanya ve Türkiye’nin diaspora politikalarıkarşılaştırılmış, Almanya-Türkiye ilişkilerinin tarihsel seyri ve Almanya’da faaliyet gösterenTürk sivil toplum kuruluşlarının örgütlenmeleri, amaçları ve yapısı ele alınmıştır. Dördüncübölümde ise saha çalışması kapsamında Almanya’da yaşayan Türk diasporası incelenerek,Türkiye’nin diaspora politikaların sınırlılıklar bizzat Almanya’da yaşayan Türk diasporaüyelerinin gözünden anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda ise Türk diasporapolitikasına ilişkin görüş ve beklentilerden yola çıkılarak, Almanya’daki Türk diaspora politikave uygulamalarına yönelik birtakım önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Diasporas studies have begun to take place in Turkey after 2000, while developed countriessuch as European countries and quite dependent on the old days. Although the phenomenon ofthe diaspora, often used in political discourse in recent years, has become increasingly evidentin Turkey, Turkey has become aware of the power of the diaspora too late and has not been ableto organize its diaspora abroad. Although the phenomenon of the diaspora, often used inpolitical discourse in recent years, has become increasingly evident in Turkey, Turkey hasbecome aware of the power of the diaspora too late and has not been able to organize its diasporaabroad. It can be observed that the diaspora policies gained a significant momentum especiallyduring the AK Party government, and important diaspora policies, institutions and politicalrelations tools established for the new Turkish diaspora and the Turkish diaspora has becomethe subject of Public Diplomacy.This thesis evaluates Turkish diaspora by examining the case of the Germany, where theTurkish existence is highly visible plays important role in the Turkey and Germany politics. Atthe same time, we are going to be able to analyze how have Turks Diaspora living in Germanyeffected the relations of Turkey-Germany. Also the purposes of this study are to examining thepresent structure and propose a strategy for both governmental and non-governmental policies vabout lobbying activities of Turkish diaspora policies in Germany by observing the nongovernmental organizations and lobbying past. Within this scope, this study employs detailedinterviews with 12 participants in Germany and with 6 experts in Turkey. Through theabovementioned field research, this study attempts to understand the possibilities andlimitations that the Turkish diaspora policies offer within the scope of the social and politicsproblems of Turkish diaspora personally from the eyes of the Turkish citizens living inGermany. The first part of the four is about the research. There are detailed information givenabout the concept of diaspora in the first part and the second part is consisted of Turkishdiaspora policies and central institutions of the Turkish diaspora policy. In the third part thediaspora policies of Germany and Turkey are compared, the historical course of GermanyTurkey relations and the organizations, objectives and structure of Turkish non-governmentalorganizations operating in Germany are discussed and in the fourth part through the fieldresearch, attempts to understand the possibilities and limitations that the Turkish diasporapolicies offer within the scope of the social and politics problems of Turkish diaspora personallyfrom the eyes of the Turkish citizens living in Germany. In the conclusion part, this study offersa set of proposals towards the Turksih diaspora policies and practices to be implemented inGermany, based on the views and the expectations of Turkish immigrants regarding the Turkishdiaspora policies.
Diasporas studies have begun to take place in Turkey after 2000, while developed countriessuch as European countries and quite dependent on the old days. Although the phenomenon ofthe diaspora, often used in political discourse in recent years, has become increasingly evidentin Turkey, Turkey has become aware of the power of the diaspora too late and has not been ableto organize its diaspora abroad. Although the phenomenon of the diaspora, often used inpolitical discourse in recent years, has become increasingly evident in Turkey, Turkey hasbecome aware of the power of the diaspora too late and has not been able to organize its diasporaabroad. It can be observed that the diaspora policies gained a significant momentum especiallyduring the AK Party government, and important diaspora policies, institutions and politicalrelations tools established for the new Turkish diaspora and the Turkish diaspora has becomethe subject of Public Diplomacy.This thesis evaluates Turkish diaspora by examining the case of the Germany, where theTurkish existence is highly visible plays important role in the Turkey and Germany politics. Atthe same time, we are going to be able to analyze how have Turks Diaspora living in Germanyeffected the relations of Turkey-Germany. Also the purposes of this study are to examining thepresent structure and propose a strategy for both governmental and non-governmental policies vabout lobbying activities of Turkish diaspora policies in Germany by observing the nongovernmental organizations and lobbying past. Within this scope, this study employs detailedinterviews with 12 participants in Germany and with 6 experts in Turkey. Through theabovementioned field research, this study attempts to understand the possibilities andlimitations that the Turkish diaspora policies offer within the scope of the social and politicsproblems of Turkish diaspora personally from the eyes of the Turkish citizens living inGermany. The first part of the four is about the research. There are detailed information givenabout the concept of diaspora in the first part and the second part is consisted of Turkishdiaspora policies and central institutions of the Turkish diaspora policy. In the third part thediaspora policies of Germany and Turkey are compared, the historical course of GermanyTurkey relations and the organizations, objectives and structure of Turkish non-governmentalorganizations operating in Germany are discussed and in the fourth part through the fieldresearch, attempts to understand the possibilities and limitations that the Turkish diasporapolicies offer within the scope of the social and politics problems of Turkish diaspora personallyfrom the eyes of the Turkish citizens living in Germany. In the conclusion part, this study offersa set of proposals towards the Turksih diaspora policies and practices to be implemented inGermany, based on the views and the expectations of Turkish immigrants regarding the Turkishdiaspora policies.