Publication: Covid 19 pandemi krizinde doğrulama mekanizmaları : karşılaştırmalı bir inceleme
Abstract
Bu çalışma Covid-19 pandemisi döneminde üretilen infodemiye odaklanmaktadır. İnfodeminin üretilme biçimlerinin neler olduğu ve hangi konu başlıklarını kapsadığı çalışmanın temel merakını oluşturmaktadır. Yanlış ve yalan bilgilerin hızla yayılabildiği ve dijital araçların bu yayılım hızını geçmiş nesillere göre çok daha büyük çarpan etkileriyle kolaylaştırdığı günümüzde doğrulama platformlarının varlığı bir gereklilik haline gelmiştir. Bu nedenle araştırmanın merkezine günümüzde önemi giderek artan doğrulama (fact checking) platformları alınmıştır. Bu tez çalışmasının odağında yer alan temel sorular “Doğrulama platformları Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde hangi konu başlıklarında yayınlar üretmiş ve hangi tip yalan haberler üzerinde çalışmıştır?” ve “Farklı ülkelerdeki doğrulama platformlarının üzerinde çalıştığı yalan haberler arasında konu kategorilerine bağlı olarak kümelenme var mıdır?” şeklinde belirlenmiştir. Bu sorular çerçevesinde farklı coğrafyalarda ve kültürlerdeki infodeminin karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla Türkiye’den Teyit, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nden PolitiFact ve Birleşik Krallık’tan Full Fact araştırmanın örneklemi olarak seçilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında üç ülkenin Covid-19 pandemisi sürecinde gerçekleştirdiği doğrulama analizleri incelenerek karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırma Covid-19 salgınını pandemi olarak tanımlandığı 1 Mart 2020 tarihi başlangıç kabul edilerek bir yıllık bir süreyi kapsamaktadır. Coğrafi ve kültürel farklılıklara odaklanabilmek amacıyla doğrulama sitelerinin içeriklerinde yalnızca ait oldukları ülkelere dair infodemi içerikleri incelenmiş, dış haberler kapsam dışı bırakılmıştır. İçerikler konu ve başlıklarına göre içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Analiz için Uluslararası Doğrulama Ağı tarafından belirlenen “söylentilerin kategorileri” isimli sınıflandırma yöntemi baz alınmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre her üç ülkede de özellikle siyasi konjonktür doğrultusunda infodeminin üretimi farklılaşmaktadır. Bunun yanında ABD’nin dünya gündemi ve kültürü üzerinde baskın faktör olduğu görülmüştür. ABD’nin gündemine gelen, yankı uyandıran tüm iddialar Türkiye’de de Birleşik Krallık’ta da karşılık bulmuştur.
This thesis focuses on the infodemic produced during the Covid-19 pandemic period. The main goal of the study is to examine the forms of infodemic which are produced and the topics which it covers. In current and recent circumstances, the existence of verification platforms has become a necessity, where inaccurate and ill-intentioned false information can spread rapidly and where digital tools facilitate this spread with much greater multiplier effects than previous generations. For this reason, fact-checking platforms which hold an increasing importance today, are positioned at the center of this study. The main questions at the center of this thesis are: “On which topics did the verification platforms not produce publications during the Covid-19 pandemic and what type of fake news did they work on?” and “Is there any clustering based on subject categories among the fake news that verification platforms in different countries are working on?”. Within the framework of these questions, a comparison of the infodemic in different geographies and cultures is conducted. For this purpose, “Teyit” from Turkey, “PolitiFact” from the United States, and “Full Fact” from the United Kingdom were chosen as the examination points of the study. Within the scope of the research, the verification analyzes carried out by the three countries during the Covid-19 pandemic were examined and compared with one another. The research section covers a period of one year, by accepting the Covid-19 outbreak as a pandemic, on March 1, 2020, as the beginning. In order to focus on geographical and cultural differences, only the infodemic contents of the countries they belong to in the contents of the verification sites were examined, and foreign news was excluded from the scope. The contents were subjected to content analysis according to their topics and titles. For the analysis, the classification method named the categories of rumors determined by the International Verification Network was taken as a basis. According to the results of the research, the production of infodemic differs in all three countries, especially in line with the political conjuncture. In addition, it was seen that the USA is the dominant factor on the world agenda and culture. All the allegations that came to the agenda of the USA and that aroused repercussions were met both in Turkey and the United Kingdom.
This thesis focuses on the infodemic produced during the Covid-19 pandemic period. The main goal of the study is to examine the forms of infodemic which are produced and the topics which it covers. In current and recent circumstances, the existence of verification platforms has become a necessity, where inaccurate and ill-intentioned false information can spread rapidly and where digital tools facilitate this spread with much greater multiplier effects than previous generations. For this reason, fact-checking platforms which hold an increasing importance today, are positioned at the center of this study. The main questions at the center of this thesis are: “On which topics did the verification platforms not produce publications during the Covid-19 pandemic and what type of fake news did they work on?” and “Is there any clustering based on subject categories among the fake news that verification platforms in different countries are working on?”. Within the framework of these questions, a comparison of the infodemic in different geographies and cultures is conducted. For this purpose, “Teyit” from Turkey, “PolitiFact” from the United States, and “Full Fact” from the United Kingdom were chosen as the examination points of the study. Within the scope of the research, the verification analyzes carried out by the three countries during the Covid-19 pandemic were examined and compared with one another. The research section covers a period of one year, by accepting the Covid-19 outbreak as a pandemic, on March 1, 2020, as the beginning. In order to focus on geographical and cultural differences, only the infodemic contents of the countries they belong to in the contents of the verification sites were examined, and foreign news was excluded from the scope. The contents were subjected to content analysis according to their topics and titles. For the analysis, the classification method named the categories of rumors determined by the International Verification Network was taken as a basis. According to the results of the research, the production of infodemic differs in all three countries, especially in line with the political conjuncture. In addition, it was seen that the USA is the dominant factor on the world agenda and culture. All the allegations that came to the agenda of the USA and that aroused repercussions were met both in Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Description
Keywords
Communication, content production, Doğrulama, echo chamber, fake news, global epidemic, hakikat ötesi gerçeklik, içerik üretimi, İletişim, infodemi, Kitle iletişim araçları, küresel salgın, Mass media, new media, pandemi, pandemic, post truth, Teyit, yalan haber, yankı odası Fact checking, yeni medya
