Publication: Türkiye’de esnek istihdam politikalarının kadın emeği üzerindeki etkileri
Abstract
Kadın emeği, tarihi boyunca üretim sürecindeki değişime bağlı olarak bir dönüşüm yaşamıştır. İlkel toplumlardan ve doğal işbölümünden sonra kadın emeği, ataerkinin ve kapitalizmin sömürüsüne maruz kalmıştır. Toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ve toplumsal işbölümü, kadının emek piyasasında da ayrımcılık yaşamasına neden olmaktadır. Neo liberalleşme süreci ile birlikte, esnek istihdam kadın emeği için bir seçenek olarak sunulmuş, kadınların işsizliğinin ve sanayileşme sürecinde ihtiyaç duyulan ucuz emek gücünün çözümü olarak görülmüştür. Türkiye’deki son dönem istihdam politikaları, kadın işgücünün esnekliğinin artırılması, doğurganlık oranının artırılması ve çocuk sahibi olduktan sonra da esnek çalışması konularına odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada esnek çalışmanın sonucunda güvencesizlik, kayıt dışılık ve düzensizliğin artarak, kadın emeğinin daha da dezavantajlı hale geleceği konu edilmiştir. Biyolojik yeniden üretim ve toplumsal yeniden üretimi sağlayan kadının, esnek istihdam politikaları ile esnek işgücü haline getirilmesinin, kadın emeğine etkileri tartışılmıştır. Esnek istihdam politikalarının, kadını düzenli ve güvenceli işlerden soyutlayabileceği, anneliğe ve ev hanımlığına hapsedebileceğine vurgu yapılmıştır.
Women’s labor has experienced transformations throughout its history due to the changes in labor processes. After the development of primitive society and division of labor, women’s labor has been exploited by the hegemony as well as the capitalist economic order. Gender roles and the division of labor in society cause further discrimination against women in the labor market. With the emergence of neoliberalism, flexible working has become an option offered to women, and has come to be viewed as the solution to problems of women’s unemployment and of supplying cheap labor force in the age of industrialization. The latest labor policies in Turkey along this vein focus on increasing fertility rates, the flexibility of women’s labor, as well as facilitating flexible working for women following childbirth. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the increase in regulated labor, inconsistencies, and lack of benefits following the rise of flexible working for women, and discuss the influence of introducing flexibility to women’s working conditions on labor by women, who provide both biological and social reproduction. The thesis indicates that flexible working policies may alienate women from consistent work that provides benefits, and limit women’s roles to motherhood and/ or staying at home.
Women’s labor has experienced transformations throughout its history due to the changes in labor processes. After the development of primitive society and division of labor, women’s labor has been exploited by the hegemony as well as the capitalist economic order. Gender roles and the division of labor in society cause further discrimination against women in the labor market. With the emergence of neoliberalism, flexible working has become an option offered to women, and has come to be viewed as the solution to problems of women’s unemployment and of supplying cheap labor force in the age of industrialization. The latest labor policies in Turkey along this vein focus on increasing fertility rates, the flexibility of women’s labor, as well as facilitating flexible working for women following childbirth. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the increase in regulated labor, inconsistencies, and lack of benefits following the rise of flexible working for women, and discuss the influence of introducing flexibility to women’s working conditions on labor by women, who provide both biological and social reproduction. The thesis indicates that flexible working policies may alienate women from consistent work that provides benefits, and limit women’s roles to motherhood and/ or staying at home.