Publication: Yurdumuzda sağlık hizmetlerinin sosyalleştirilmesi (1960-1971)
Abstract
Ö Z E T Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, 1 Mart 1922'de Büyük Millet Meclisi kürsüsünden Türkiye'nin sağlık hedeflerinin ana hatlarını şöyle ifade etmiştir : Memleketimizin sıhhatini korumak ve takviye etmek, ölümü azaltmak, nüfusu çoğaltmak, bulaşıcı ve salgın hastalıkların tahribine karşı koymak ve bu suretle millet fertlerinin dinç ve çalışmaya kabiliyetli, sıhhatli vücutlar halinde yetişmesini temin etmeliyiz. Cumhuriyetin ilanıyla beraber genç Türkiye Cumhuriyeti her konuda olduğu gibi sağlık alanında da yeni atılımlara girişmiştir. Özellikle Sağlık Bakanı Dr. Refik Saydam döneminde hastane hizmetlerine öncelik verilerek çeşitli illerde mevki hastaneleri kurulmuş ve artan bir ivmeyle büyük şehirlere sağlık merkezleri inşa edilmiştir. Sağlık Bakanlığı'nca ilçelere hükümet tabibi görevlendirmesi yapılarak, bu personelin ilçede ve bağlı köylerde sağlık hizmeti sunmaları plânlanmıştır. Ancak çok yoğun çalışan hükümet tabiplerinin mesai saatleri içinde ancak ilçedeki kişilere sağlık hizmeti vermeleri, mesai sonrasında ise özel muayenehanelerinde hasta bakmaları, onların sorumluluk alanlarına giren köylerin vatandaşlarıyla yeterince ilgilenmelerine mani olmuştur. 1960 Yılına gelindiğinde sıtma, trahom gibi bulaşıcı hastalıklarla mücadele dışında, nüfusun yaklaşık % 80'ini oluşturan köylü vatandaşın ayağına kadar götürülebilmiş sağlık hizmeti mevcut değildi. O tarihte yönetime sahip olan Millî Birlik Komitesi döneminde sosyal adalet ve eşitlik gibi ilkelerden hareketle, köy ve kasabalarda oturan vatandaşlara öncelikli olarak koruyucu hekimlik, sonrasında tedavi edici hekimlik faaliyetlerini uygulamak maksadıyla, 5 Ocak 1961 tarihinde 224 sayılı Sağlık Hizmetlerinin Sosyalleştirilmesi Hakkında Kanun çıkarılmıştır. 224 Sayılı Sağlık Hizmetlerinin Sosyalleştirilmesi Hakkında Kanun ile kademeli bir sağlık organizasyonu içerisinde sağlık evleri, sağlık ocakları ve sağlık merkezleri vasıtasıyla köydeki vatandaşın ayağına kadar sağlık hizmeti götürmesi ve hükümet tabipliklerinin kaldırılması plânlanmıştır. 22 Yılda yurt genelinde tamamlanması plânlanan sosyalleştirme iktidar hükümetlerince desteklenmiş ve kalkınma plânlarında yerini almıştır. Personel, altyapı ve mali sorunlara takılan sosyalleştirme 1971 yılına kadar aralıksız olarak devam etmiştir.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk announced Turkey's health targets at the Great People's Council in 1 March 1922 : We must keep and reinforce our nation healthy, reduce death, increase the population and resist to the harms of contagious diseases, and by this way, we must provide our people vigorous and able to work and have them grow as healthy bodies. By declaration of the Republic, young Turkey also started to the new progresses in the field of health. Especially, in Health Minister Refik Saydam's period, priority was given to the hospitals and in various cities Site Hospitals were opened. Also in main cities health units were built. The personnel who were plânned to give health services in the suburbans and towns, were charged as government doctors by Ministry of Health. As a result of these doctors intensive load of work and accepting the patients at their offices after working hours, they were not able to pay the same attention to their patients who came from distant towns. Coming to 1960's, except for the malaria and trachoma contagious diseases contention, there was no health service all the way to the towns and villages, when the %80 of the total population consist of villagers. National Unity Comitee was in charge and in sake of social justice and equality, firstly preventing medicine, later curing medicine activities were applied to the people who live in towns and villages. This law was legalized under the name of Law about Socializing the Health Services by number 224 in 5 January 1961. By this law, it was plânned to give health service all the way to people's locations by constituting health houses, village clinics and health centers and also to remove government doctors system. In 22 years, over all the country, the plânned socializing was supported by governments and took its place in Development Plâns. This had continued until 1970, but obstructed in personnel, infrastructure and finance problems.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk announced Turkey's health targets at the Great People's Council in 1 March 1922 : We must keep and reinforce our nation healthy, reduce death, increase the population and resist to the harms of contagious diseases, and by this way, we must provide our people vigorous and able to work and have them grow as healthy bodies. By declaration of the Republic, young Turkey also started to the new progresses in the field of health. Especially, in Health Minister Refik Saydam's period, priority was given to the hospitals and in various cities Site Hospitals were opened. Also in main cities health units were built. The personnel who were plânned to give health services in the suburbans and towns, were charged as government doctors by Ministry of Health. As a result of these doctors intensive load of work and accepting the patients at their offices after working hours, they were not able to pay the same attention to their patients who came from distant towns. Coming to 1960's, except for the malaria and trachoma contagious diseases contention, there was no health service all the way to the towns and villages, when the %80 of the total population consist of villagers. National Unity Comitee was in charge and in sake of social justice and equality, firstly preventing medicine, later curing medicine activities were applied to the people who live in towns and villages. This law was legalized under the name of Law about Socializing the Health Services by number 224 in 5 January 1961. By this law, it was plânned to give health service all the way to people's locations by constituting health houses, village clinics and health centers and also to remove government doctors system. In 22 years, over all the country, the plânned socializing was supported by governments and took its place in Development Plâns. This had continued until 1970, but obstructed in personnel, infrastructure and finance problems.