Publication: Fârâbî ve İbn Sînâ'da sudûr nazariyesi
Abstract
Birlik çokluk ilişkisi şeklinde ifade edilen “bir olan ilk ve tek ilke” ile “çok olan sonrakiler” arasındaki ilişki biçimine dair Fârâbî ve İbn Sinâ tarafından geliştirilen kuram sudûr nazariyesi olarak bilinmektedir. Şiirsel ve metaforik anlatım ağırlıklı olmasına rağmen Platon Tanrı ve âlem arasında ilk defa bütünlüklü bir teori önerirken, öğrencisi Aristoteles ise hareket odaklı ama kavramsal tutarlığı ön planda tutan bir yaklaşım benimsemiştir. Plotinus ve Proclus ise, hareket merkezli açıklamayı yeterince metafiziksel bulmadıklarından onun yerine varlık vermeye odaklanan görüşü benimseyerek, onun açıklamasını tekrar metaforik bir anlatımla değiştirmişlerdir. Fârâbî ve İbn Sinâ, ilk ilke ile onun malûlü olan âlem arasındaki ilişkiyi hem varlık verme şeklinde ele almış hem de ilk ilkenin akıl olarak tanımlanmasının kavramsal tutarlılığını muhafaza ederek nazariyeye son halini vermiştir. Bu çalışmanın konusu söz konusu kuram bağlamında iki filozofun katkısını belirginleştirmektir. Bu katkı, varlık verme merkezli bir kuramın kavramsal tutarlılıkla açıklanmasında kendisini en iyi şekilde ifade etmektedir. Zorunlu mümkün ayrımı, zorunlu varlığın özellikleri, onun kendisini akl etmesinin sonuçları ve nihayetinde çokluğun başlangıcı bu nazariyeyle açıklanmıştır.
The theory developed by Fârâbî and Avicenna about the relationship between the first principle that is one and the later ones that are many, which is expressed as the unity- multiplicity relationship, is known as the emanation theory. Although the poetic and metaphorical narrative is predominantly, Plato proposed a holistic theory between God and the world for the first time, while his student Aristotle adopted a movement-centered approach that cares about conceptual consistency. Plotinus and Proclus, on the other hand, did not find the movement-centered explanation metaphysical enough, instead they adopted the view that focuses on giving existence and changed Aristotle's explanation with a metaphorical one again. Fârâbî and Avicenna discussed the relationship between the first principle and its result, the world, as the relationship of giving existence. They have gave the theory its final form by maintaining the conceptual coherence of the definition of the first principle as intellect, as defined by Aristotle. The subject of this study is to clarify the contribution of two philosophers in the context of the theory in question. This contribution best expresses itself in the conceptual coherence explanation of giving existence-centered theory. The necessary existence-possible existence distinction, the properties of the necessary being, the results of its reasoning and finally the beginning of the multitude are explained with this theory.
The theory developed by Fârâbî and Avicenna about the relationship between the first principle that is one and the later ones that are many, which is expressed as the unity- multiplicity relationship, is known as the emanation theory. Although the poetic and metaphorical narrative is predominantly, Plato proposed a holistic theory between God and the world for the first time, while his student Aristotle adopted a movement-centered approach that cares about conceptual consistency. Plotinus and Proclus, on the other hand, did not find the movement-centered explanation metaphysical enough, instead they adopted the view that focuses on giving existence and changed Aristotle's explanation with a metaphorical one again. Fârâbî and Avicenna discussed the relationship between the first principle and its result, the world, as the relationship of giving existence. They have gave the theory its final form by maintaining the conceptual coherence of the definition of the first principle as intellect, as defined by Aristotle. The subject of this study is to clarify the contribution of two philosophers in the context of the theory in question. This contribution best expresses itself in the conceptual coherence explanation of giving existence-centered theory. The necessary existence-possible existence distinction, the properties of the necessary being, the results of its reasoning and finally the beginning of the multitude are explained with this theory.