Publication: Erken Cumhuriyet Döneminde Atatürk ve CHP’nin Sinema Politikası
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Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (CHP) hükümeti, sanat alanında ilerlemenin biruygarlık göstergesi olduğu, Atatürk ilke ve inkılâplarının halka iletilmesinde ve bir ulus devlet oluşturmadasanatın etkili bir araç olarak kullanılabileceği kanaatindedir. Sinemanın ise, bir eğitim ve propagandaaracı olarak görüldüğüne dair ifadelere ve belgelere rastlansa da çok etkili bir şekilde kullanıldığını,devletten diğer sanat dalları kadar destek gördüğünü söylemek zordur. Halkevlerinde gösterilen sinemafilmleri, genellikle eğitim, haber ve propaganda filmleridir. Hükümet, sansür yasalarıyla sinemayı, kendipolitik tutumu çerçevesinde bir düzene sokmaya uğraşırken, vergi indirimleriyle sinemacıların daharahat ekonomik koşullarda faaliyetlerini yürütmesini ve seyircilerin sinemaya daha kolay ulaşmasınısağlamaya çalışmıştır. CHP hükümeti; 1920’ler ve 1930’larda, siyasal alanda yakın ilişkiler kurduğu SovyetSosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği (SSCB)’nden hem çeşitli alanlarda eğitici filmler ithal etmiş hem de Sovyetsinemacıları Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin 10. Kuruluş Yıl Dönümü kutlamalarını filme almaları için Türkiye’yedavet etmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde CHP’nin sinema politikası, BaşbakanlıkCumhuriyet Arşivi (CA) belgelerine, hatıratlara ve alanla ilgili diğer kaynaklara dayanılarak ayrıntılı olarakele alınmaya çalışılmıştır.
The Republican People’s Party (RPP) government in the Early Republican Era considered that the progress_x000D_ in the field of art was a mark of civilization, and that art could be used as an effective tool in communicating_x000D_ he principles and reforms of the Republic to the citizens and in creating a modern nation-state. On the_x000D_ other hand, it is difficult to say that cinema was used very effectively and that it had as much government_x000D_ support as other branches of art although there are statements and documents revealing the fact that_x000D_ cinema was regarded as a tool of education and propaganda. Motion pictures screened in the important_x000D_ institution of the period “People’s House”s were generally educational, news and propaganda films. While_x000D_ the government tried to regulate the cinema in terms of its political attitude by means of censorship laws, it_x000D_ tried to ensure that the filmmakers were able to carry out their activities in better economic conditions with_x000D_ tax cuts and so this made it easier for citizens to go to the cinema. In the 1920s and 1930s, the Republican_x000D_ government also went to collaboration in the field of cinema with the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics_x000D_ with whom it had also built good relationships in the political sphere. Hence, the government imported_x000D_ educational films from the Soviet Union in various fields and also invited the movie makers from Soviet_x000D_ Republics to create a film about the 10th anniversary of the Turkish Republic. In this study, the Republican_x000D_ People’s Party (RPP) government’s cinema policy during the Early Republican Period has been tried to be_x000D_ discussed in detail based on documents of the Prime Minister’s Republican Archives (BCA), memoirs and_x000D_ other literature related to the field.
The Republican People’s Party (RPP) government in the Early Republican Era considered that the progress_x000D_ in the field of art was a mark of civilization, and that art could be used as an effective tool in communicating_x000D_ he principles and reforms of the Republic to the citizens and in creating a modern nation-state. On the_x000D_ other hand, it is difficult to say that cinema was used very effectively and that it had as much government_x000D_ support as other branches of art although there are statements and documents revealing the fact that_x000D_ cinema was regarded as a tool of education and propaganda. Motion pictures screened in the important_x000D_ institution of the period “People’s House”s were generally educational, news and propaganda films. While_x000D_ the government tried to regulate the cinema in terms of its political attitude by means of censorship laws, it_x000D_ tried to ensure that the filmmakers were able to carry out their activities in better economic conditions with_x000D_ tax cuts and so this made it easier for citizens to go to the cinema. In the 1920s and 1930s, the Republican_x000D_ government also went to collaboration in the field of cinema with the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics_x000D_ with whom it had also built good relationships in the political sphere. Hence, the government imported_x000D_ educational films from the Soviet Union in various fields and also invited the movie makers from Soviet_x000D_ Republics to create a film about the 10th anniversary of the Turkish Republic. In this study, the Republican_x000D_ People’s Party (RPP) government’s cinema policy during the Early Republican Period has been tried to be_x000D_ discussed in detail based on documents of the Prime Minister’s Republican Archives (BCA), memoirs and_x000D_ other literature related to the field.