Publication: İşletmelerde ilk kademe yönetici eğitimi ve otomotiv sektöründe bir uygulama
Abstract
Yönetim; grup halinde çalışan insanları ve diğer işletme kaynaklarını kullanarak, ortak amaçlara ulaşma süreci olduğuna göre, en küçük işletmelerde bile birden çok yöneticiye ihtiyaç vardır. Dolayısıyla yönetsel işler tek bir yönetim düzeyinde veya kademesinde değil, çeşitli düzeylerde görülür, böylece bir yönetim kademeleri hiyerarşisi söz konusu olur. Bu yönetim kademeleri hiyerarşisi, üç gruba ayrılmaktadır. Bunlar; üst, orta ve ilk kademe yöneticileridir ve her kademinin sahip olduğu çeşitli otorite ve sorumluluklar vardır. Üst kademe yöneticiler, işletmenin geleceğini tahmin eden ve planlayan kişilerdir. Orta kademe yöneticilerin rolü, üst kademe yönetimce belirlenen amaçları ve direktifleri yerine getiren programları planlamak ve uygulamaktır. İlk kademe yöneticiler ise yönetimin en alt ya da ilk kademesini oluşturan, fiilen iş başındaki, yönetim görevi olmayan çalışanların günlük çabalarını yöneten ve yönlendiren kişilerdir. İşletmelerde önemli bir yere sahip olan ilk kademe yöneticisinin görevi oldukça karışıktır. İşletmeye olumlu bir katkıda bulunabilmek için iyi kararlar vermesi, insanlarla iyi ilişkiler içinde olması, çalışanlarını eğitmesi ve motive etmesi, ayrıca diğer yöneticilerle iyi iletişim halinde bulunması gerekmektedir. Yani ilk kademe yöneticisinin uzmanlığı, işletmenin başarısının temel noktasıdır. Çünkü çalışanlarını her gün gören ve onlarla sürekli iletişim halinde bulunanlar ilk kademe yöneticileridir. Etkin ve verimli bir eğitim uygulamasa ve eğitim faaliyetlerinin koordineli bir şekilde yürütülebilmesi için, öncelikle bu faaliyetleri planlamak gerekir. Bu eğitim planlaması için öncelikle ilk kademe yönetici eğitim ihtiyaçlarının saptanması, eğitim programının hazırlanması ve eğitim bütçesinin çıkarılması gereklidir. Faaliyetler planlandıktan sonra eğitimin eylemsel aşaması olarak tanımlanan eğitim programlarının uygulanması aşamasına geçilir. Bu aşamada plan ve programlarla öngörülmüş tüm kaynaklar, eğitimden beklenen amaçları gerçekleştirmek üzere harekete geçirilmektedir. Amaçlara ulaşılması, ön hazırlık çalışmaların gerçekçi ve başarılı olmasına bağlı olduğu kadar bu çalışmaların modern eğitim yöntemleri gereklerine uygun olarak yürütülmesine de bağlıdır. Çoğunlukla işletmeler, eğitim programlarının işletme için gerekli olduğunda birleşmektedirler. Kuşkusuz eğitim fonksiyonu, yönetim sürecinin en önemli faktörleri arasında yer alır. Bunun gibi değerleme de eğitimin önemli bir bölümünü oluşturur. Eğitimin başarılı olup olmadığını görmek için, gerçekleştirilen eğitim programlarının sonuç ve etkileri ölçülmelidir. İlk kademe yöneticilerin eğitiminin iyi ve yeterli verilememesi, yöneticilerin verilen eğitimi iyi alamaması veya eğitimin gerçekleşmesinde çıkabilecek bir problem üretken, etkin ve verimli yöneticilerin yetiştirilmesine engel olacağı gibi işletmenin başarısını, etkinliğini ve verimliliğini de doğrudan doğruya etkileyecektir. İşletmelerde ilk kademe yöneticilere verilen önemin ne derecede olduğunu ve bu önem neticesinde uygulanan eğitimin işletmelerde yapılıp yapılmadığını, yapılıyorsa ne şekilde yapıldığını ortaya koymak amacıyla otomotiv sektöründe faaliyet gösteren işletmeler üzerinde bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda hazırlanan anket sorularıyla, işletmelerde ilk kademe yöneticilerin kendilerini gördükleri yer, görev ve sorumluluklarının tanımları, işletmelerin ilk kademe yöneticilerden beklentileri, ilk kademe yöneticilere verilen eğitimin amacı ve faydaları, verilen eğitimin ne şekilde planlandığı, uygulandığı ve değerlendirildiği ve son olarakta işletmelerde verilen eğitimler konusunda ilk kademe yöneticilerinin görüşleri ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda, işletmelerin, hedeflenen amaçlara ulaşılmasında etkin rol oynayan ilk kademe yöneticilerine ve eğitimlerine günümüz koşullarında daha fazla önem vermek durumunda oldukları ortaya çıkmıştır. Çünkü bilginin ön plana çıktığı ve işletmelerin kalifiye eleman ihtiyaçlarının arttığı günümüzde, işletmelerin yöneticilerini daha etkili, verimli ve üretken hale getirmeleri ancak verilen eğitimlerle sağlanabilmektedir. İlk kademe yöneticilere uygulanacak eğitimler planlama safhasından uygulama ve değerlendirme safhasına kadar düzenli ve özenle yapıldığı taktirde işletmelerin hedeflerine ulaşmasında çok daha iyi sonuçlar alması mümkün olacaktır.
Since management means arriving at common aims through the use of a group of people as well as other resources of management, even in the smallest companies more than one manager is needed. So, administrative things operate not on a single level or degree but on a different level of variety. This causes a kind of hierarchy of management. This hierarchy of management is grouped into 3: Top, middle and first level management. Each level of management has its own authority and responsibility. Top managers are the ones who determine and plan the future of the company. The role of the middle level managers is to carry out the plans and directions that are determined by top managers. Lastly, the supervisors are those who administrate and direct the efforts of the employees that take place at the lowest or the first level of management. These are the ones who have no administrative function although they seem so. The role of supervisors, who have an important role in companies, is quite complicated. In order to be able to provide assistance to the company, they are required to make good decisions, to be a good relationship with people as well as the other managers, to educate and motivate their employees. In other way, the expertness of supervisors is the main requirement for the success of the company, since they are the ones who have an ongoing relationship with their employees. It is essential for supervisors who are playing an important role in making the company reach its aims, to give a training which in turn will lead them develop their knowledge, skill or capacity in order to function efficiently. The supervisor training is one of the most powerful tools for developing an efficient organization. A supervisor can have a larger perspective and new skills the help of the training she/ he gets. And also those who are aware of the usefulness of such training give more importance to the supervisory training. It is essential to plan these supervisory training in order to carry out and coordinate the training programs more efficiently. To this, firstly the needs of the supervisory training must be defined, then a training program must be prepared and it is essential to plan a training budget. After planning, it is time to carry out the training program, which is defined as the action part of the training. And this time, all the resources, which are approved by the plans & programs, are used to settle down the all aims that are expected from training. In order to reach this aim, it is essential not only to have successful and realistic pre-planning programs but also to make these programs work by modern educational systems. Mostly, the companies are agreed on the idea that educational programs are essential for their companies. There is no doubt that the function of education is one of the most important factors of the management. The other important factor for the company is the idea of evaluation. The effects and results of the training programs must be evaluated in order to see whether they are successful or not. Supervisors sometimes aren't given sufficient training program or they may not make use of such programs efficiently or sometimes there may be some problems during the application of the program. These problems not also prevent the company from having productive and component supervisor but also it will directly effect the adequacy and efficient of the company. A research has been conducted on companies that are in automobile sector in order to assess the importance of the training, which is given to supervisors. The aim of the research is also to determine whether the companies have such programs or not and if so, how these are applied. For this aim, some questionnaires are prepared in order to find some answers like: where the supervisors see themselves in the company what is the definition of their duty and responsibility, what are the expectations of the companies from their supervisors what is the aim and the usefulness of the training that is given to supervisors, what is the way in which the training is planned and evaluated and lastly the opinions of the supervisors about the training they are supposed to have. According to the results of the research, it is explicit that the supervisors, who play an important role in helping the company reach its goals, should be given more importance and more training on these days' standards. Since, the knowledge has been appearing on the stage and the need of the qualified employees in company, has been increasing day by day, it is possible for a company to provide their employees with more productivity and efficiently by the help of the supervisory training. If the training programs are dealt with effectively from the planning and application phases to the evaluation part, it can be clearly seen that there is no obstacle for this company to reach its aims.
Since management means arriving at common aims through the use of a group of people as well as other resources of management, even in the smallest companies more than one manager is needed. So, administrative things operate not on a single level or degree but on a different level of variety. This causes a kind of hierarchy of management. This hierarchy of management is grouped into 3: Top, middle and first level management. Each level of management has its own authority and responsibility. Top managers are the ones who determine and plan the future of the company. The role of the middle level managers is to carry out the plans and directions that are determined by top managers. Lastly, the supervisors are those who administrate and direct the efforts of the employees that take place at the lowest or the first level of management. These are the ones who have no administrative function although they seem so. The role of supervisors, who have an important role in companies, is quite complicated. In order to be able to provide assistance to the company, they are required to make good decisions, to be a good relationship with people as well as the other managers, to educate and motivate their employees. In other way, the expertness of supervisors is the main requirement for the success of the company, since they are the ones who have an ongoing relationship with their employees. It is essential for supervisors who are playing an important role in making the company reach its aims, to give a training which in turn will lead them develop their knowledge, skill or capacity in order to function efficiently. The supervisor training is one of the most powerful tools for developing an efficient organization. A supervisor can have a larger perspective and new skills the help of the training she/ he gets. And also those who are aware of the usefulness of such training give more importance to the supervisory training. It is essential to plan these supervisory training in order to carry out and coordinate the training programs more efficiently. To this, firstly the needs of the supervisory training must be defined, then a training program must be prepared and it is essential to plan a training budget. After planning, it is time to carry out the training program, which is defined as the action part of the training. And this time, all the resources, which are approved by the plans & programs, are used to settle down the all aims that are expected from training. In order to reach this aim, it is essential not only to have successful and realistic pre-planning programs but also to make these programs work by modern educational systems. Mostly, the companies are agreed on the idea that educational programs are essential for their companies. There is no doubt that the function of education is one of the most important factors of the management. The other important factor for the company is the idea of evaluation. The effects and results of the training programs must be evaluated in order to see whether they are successful or not. Supervisors sometimes aren't given sufficient training program or they may not make use of such programs efficiently or sometimes there may be some problems during the application of the program. These problems not also prevent the company from having productive and component supervisor but also it will directly effect the adequacy and efficient of the company. A research has been conducted on companies that are in automobile sector in order to assess the importance of the training, which is given to supervisors. The aim of the research is also to determine whether the companies have such programs or not and if so, how these are applied. For this aim, some questionnaires are prepared in order to find some answers like: where the supervisors see themselves in the company what is the definition of their duty and responsibility, what are the expectations of the companies from their supervisors what is the aim and the usefulness of the training that is given to supervisors, what is the way in which the training is planned and evaluated and lastly the opinions of the supervisors about the training they are supposed to have. According to the results of the research, it is explicit that the supervisors, who play an important role in helping the company reach its goals, should be given more importance and more training on these days' standards. Since, the knowledge has been appearing on the stage and the need of the qualified employees in company, has been increasing day by day, it is possible for a company to provide their employees with more productivity and efficiently by the help of the supervisory training. If the training programs are dealt with effectively from the planning and application phases to the evaluation part, it can be clearly seen that there is no obstacle for this company to reach its aims.