Publication: Vitamin B12 ve Folat eksikliği nedenleri, klinik bulgular ve tanı
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Türkiye Klinikleri Yayınevi
Abstract
Çocukluk çağında megaloblastik anemilerin %95’ten fazlası B12 vitamini veya folik asit eksikli-ğine bağlıdır. Her iki vitaminin başlıca eksiklik nedenleri olarak besinsel eksiklikler ve edinsel veya do-ğuştan absorpsiyon bozuklukları öne çıkar. Prematürelik, hemolitik anemi, kronik enfeksiyon hastalıklarıgibi gereksinimin arttığı durumlar folat eksikliği riskini artırır. Klinik bulgular her iki eksiklik durumundasüt çocuklarında tartı alamama, ağırlık kaybı, iştahsızlık, irritabilite, güçsüzlük, solukluk, kusma ve kronikishal olurken; büyük çocuklarda halsizlik, çabuk yorulma, kronik ishal veya kabızlık, dilde acıma-yanmahissi, unutkanlık, mental durumda bozulma, okul başarısında azalma görülebilir. B12 vitamini eksikliğindenörolojik gelişimde gecikme, duraklama ve geriye gitme gibi değişiklikler bildirilmiştir ve bu belirtileranemi veya makrositoz gibi hematolojik bozukluklar olmadan da ortaya çıkabilir. Her iki eksiklikte hematolojik bulgular çok benzerdir ve makrositik anemi, trombositopeni, nötropeni ve nötrofillerde hipersegmentasyon görülebilir. Kesin tanı için serum B12 vitamini ve folat düzeylerine bakılması genellikleyeterlidir. Şüpheli durumlarda metilmalonik asit ve homosistein düzeylerine de bakılması gerekir.
More than 95% of megaloblastic anemia in childhood is due to vitamin B12 or folic aciddeficiency. Nutritional deficiencies and acquired or congenital absorption disorders stand out as the maincauses of deficiency of both vitamins. Conditions with increased requirements such as prematurity,hemolytic anemia, and chronic infectious diseases increase the risk of folate deficiency. Clinical findings are inability to gain weight, weight loss, loss of appetite, irritability, weakness, pallor, vomiting andchronic diarrhea in infants in both deficiencies; In older children, fatigue, tiring, chronic diarrhea or constipation, feeling of pain and burning in the tongue, forgetfulness, deterioration in mental status, decrease in school success can be seen. Changes such as delay, arrest and regression in neurologicaldevelopment have been reported in vitamin B12 deficiency, and these symptoms may occur withouthematological disorders such as anemia or macrocytosis. Hematological findings are very similar in bothdeficiencies and macrocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and hypersegmentation of neutrophils can be seen. It is usually sufficient to measure serum vitamin B12 and folate levels for a definitive diagnosis. In doubtful cases, methylmalonic acid and homocysteine levels should also be checked.
More than 95% of megaloblastic anemia in childhood is due to vitamin B12 or folic aciddeficiency. Nutritional deficiencies and acquired or congenital absorption disorders stand out as the maincauses of deficiency of both vitamins. Conditions with increased requirements such as prematurity,hemolytic anemia, and chronic infectious diseases increase the risk of folate deficiency. Clinical findings are inability to gain weight, weight loss, loss of appetite, irritability, weakness, pallor, vomiting andchronic diarrhea in infants in both deficiencies; In older children, fatigue, tiring, chronic diarrhea or constipation, feeling of pain and burning in the tongue, forgetfulness, deterioration in mental status, decrease in school success can be seen. Changes such as delay, arrest and regression in neurologicaldevelopment have been reported in vitamin B12 deficiency, and these symptoms may occur withouthematological disorders such as anemia or macrocytosis. Hematological findings are very similar in bothdeficiencies and macrocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and hypersegmentation of neutrophils can be seen. It is usually sufficient to measure serum vitamin B12 and folate levels for a definitive diagnosis. In doubtful cases, methylmalonic acid and homocysteine levels should also be checked.
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Tıp, Sağlık Bilimleri, Dahili Tıp Bilimleri, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları, Pediatrik Hematoloji, Medicine, Health Sciences, Internal Medicine Sciences, Child Health and Diseases, Pediatric Hematology, Klinik Tıp (MED), Klinik Tıp, TIP, GENEL & DAHİLİ, PEDİATRİ, Clinical Medicine (MED), CLINICAL MEDICINE, MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL, PEDIATRICS, Genel Sağlık Meslekleri, Pediatri, Patofizyoloji, Temel Bilgi ve Beceriler, Değerlendirme ve Teşhis, Pediatri, Perinatoloji ve Çocuk Sağlığı, Dahiliye, Aile Sağlığı, Tıp (çeşitli), Genel Tıp, General Health Professions, Pediatrics, Pathophysiology, Fundamentals and Skills, Assessment and Diagnosis, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Internal Medicine, Family Practice, Medicine (miscellaneous), General Medicine
Citation
Şenay R. E., Taş B. T., Koç A., Vitamin B12 ve Folat Eksikliği Nedenleri, Klinik Bulgular ve Tanı , "Çocuklarda Nutrisyonel Anemiler", Özcan Bör, Editör, Türkiye Klinikleri Yayınevi, Ankara, ss.41-48, 2022
