Publication: Türkiye’ de 2000 yılı ve sonrası yaşanan ekonomik krizler, uygulanan maliye ve para politikaları
Abstract
Türkiye ekonomisi, 1990'lı yıllar boyunca, artan kamu açıkları, yüksek enflasyon seviyesi ve dalgalı büyüme yapısı ile istikrarsız görünüm arzetmiştir. Bunun sonucu olarak, yıllardır birikerek gelen kamu kesimi açıkları ve bu açıkları kapamada en sık kullanılan yöntem olan iç borçlanma politikaları ile Kasım 2000 ve daha sonraki Şubat 2001 krizleri patlak vermiştir. Söz konusu krizler, IMF'in de destek verdiği bir istikrar programının uygulanması sırasında yaşanmıştır. Şubat 2001 krizi sonucu, 9 Aralık 1999 Enflasyonla Mücadele ndaki en önemli silah olan kur rejiminin terkedilmesi ile ortaya çıkan güven bunalımını ve istikrarsızlığını süratle ortadan kaldırmak ve eşanlı olarak bu duruma bir daha geri dönülmeyecek şekilde kamu yönetiminin ve ekonominin yeniden yapılandırılmasını sağlamaya yönelik yeni bir program hazırlandı. IMF'in desteği ile hazırlanan ve 14 Nisan 2001 tarihinde kamuoyuna açıklanan programa ilişkin niyet mektubu, söz konusu iki temel soruna ilişkin çözümleri ihtiva edecek şekilde düzenlenerek 3 Mayıs 2001 tarihinde IMF'ye sunulmuştur. Program aşağıdaki unsurları hedef olarak belirlemiştir. - Dalgalı kur sistemi içinde enflasyonla mücadeleyi kesintisiz ve kararlı bir biçimde sürdürmeyi, - Bankacılık sektöründe kamu ve TMSF bünyesindeki bankalar başta olmak üzere hızlı ve kapsamlı bir yeniden yapılandırılmayı, böylece bankacılık kesimi ile reel sektör arasında sağlıklıklı bir ilişki kurmayı, - Kamu finansman dengesini bir daha bozulmayacak bir biçimde güçlendirmeyi, - Toplumsal uzlaşmaya dayalı, enflasyon hedefleri ile uyumlu bir gelirler politikası sürdürmeyi ve, Programın nihai amacı, ekonomide sürdürülebilir bir gelişme ortamını sağlayarak dışa açık bir yaklaşımla piyasa koşullarında rekabet gücünü geliştirmek ve böylece ekonomide büyümeyi, yatırım ve istihdamı artırarak halkın geleceğe umutla bakmasını ve refah düzeyini kalıcı bir biçimde yükseltmekti.
The economy of Turkey seemed to be instable during the 1990s, because of the increasing debt of public sector, the level of inflation, and the floating growth structure. As a result of that, the crises of November and February occurred, owing to the increasing budget deficit of public sector, the politics of internal debt, which was the most-often-used method to pay up the debts. This mentioned crises occurred while the stability program - which is supported by the IMF, is applying by the government. As a result of the February crisis, a new program was prepared in order to remove fast the instability and the lack of confidence - which is occurred after leaving the regime of exchange rate, the most important weapon for the Contention Program with Inflation, in 9th December 1999, and in order to re-structure the public management and the economy without recycle. After the intention letter, which was related to the program - prepared with the support of the IMF and published in 14th April 2001 - was rearranged as including the answers of the two mentioned problems, it was submitted to the IMF in 3th May 2001. The program regards the statements below as its aims. -The Contention with Inflation in the system of floating exchange-rate will be carried on, in stability without any interrupt. -A fast re-construction on a large scale will be implemented, at first in the banks, belonging to the public and TMSF. So, a good relationship will be able to have between the banking and the real sector. -The Public Financial Stability will be powered, as much as it will not fail again. -A politics of income - which is on the base of compromise in the public, and which is compatible with the inflation aims - will be carried on. The essence aim of the program was to improve the competition power in the condition of market with a external approach by supplying an environment to improve the economy, and so to enable the public to be hopeful for the future by increasing the growth in the economy, the investment and the employment.
The economy of Turkey seemed to be instable during the 1990s, because of the increasing debt of public sector, the level of inflation, and the floating growth structure. As a result of that, the crises of November and February occurred, owing to the increasing budget deficit of public sector, the politics of internal debt, which was the most-often-used method to pay up the debts. This mentioned crises occurred while the stability program - which is supported by the IMF, is applying by the government. As a result of the February crisis, a new program was prepared in order to remove fast the instability and the lack of confidence - which is occurred after leaving the regime of exchange rate, the most important weapon for the Contention Program with Inflation, in 9th December 1999, and in order to re-structure the public management and the economy without recycle. After the intention letter, which was related to the program - prepared with the support of the IMF and published in 14th April 2001 - was rearranged as including the answers of the two mentioned problems, it was submitted to the IMF in 3th May 2001. The program regards the statements below as its aims. -The Contention with Inflation in the system of floating exchange-rate will be carried on, in stability without any interrupt. -A fast re-construction on a large scale will be implemented, at first in the banks, belonging to the public and TMSF. So, a good relationship will be able to have between the banking and the real sector. -The Public Financial Stability will be powered, as much as it will not fail again. -A politics of income - which is on the base of compromise in the public, and which is compatible with the inflation aims - will be carried on. The essence aim of the program was to improve the competition power in the condition of market with a external approach by supplying an environment to improve the economy, and so to enable the public to be hopeful for the future by increasing the growth in the economy, the investment and the employment.