Publication: Almanca ile mukayeseli olarak Türkçede dönüşlülük ve dönüşlü fiiller
Abstract
Türkçede dönüşlülük ve dönüşlü fiilleri konu alan bu çalışmada, önce literatür incelemesi yapılmış, buradan çıkan soru ve sonuçlar dikkate alınarak Türkçe dönüşlü fiiller eş zamanlı yönteme göre biçim-işlev ilişkisi çerçevesinde müstakil olarak incelenmiştir. Öncelikle TDK'nın Türkçe Sözlüğünden birleşik fiiller ile olumsuzluk eki -ma-/ -me- almış fiiller hariç, tüm fiiller taranmış ve yaklaşık 6000 fiil, biçimlerine, yani çatı birimlerine göre tasnif edilmiştir. Bir sonraki aşamada bu sınıflandırmadan -n-, -ş- ve -l- çatı birimli olanlar çatı işlevlerine göre işteş çatı, edilgen çatı ve dönüşlü çatı olarak ayrılmıştır. Dönüşlü çatı ile ortak çatı birimlerine sahip işteş ve edilgen çatının kriterleri belirlenerek bunları dönüşlü çatıdan ayırma yoluna gidilmiştir. Dönüşlü çatı daha sonra morfolojik, semantik ve sentaktik açıdan ele alınmış ve buradan çıkan sonuçlara göre dönüşlülük eki almış her fiilin dönüşlülük işlevinde bulunmadığı, bunların farklı semantik işlevlerinin olabileceği ortaya çıkmıştır. Çıkan bu sonuca göre didaktik açıdan dönüşlü fiiller işlevlerine göre gruplandırılmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca Almancadaki dönüşlülük ve dönüşlü fiiller ile ilgili bilgi verilmiş ve daha sonra Türkçe ile Almancadaki dönüşlülük ve dönüşlü fiiller yine morfolojik, semantik ve sentaktik özelliklerine göre mukayese edilmiştir. Bunun sonucunda da bilhassa yabancı dil öğretimi açısından yararlı olabilecek, her iki dilde ortak işlev olan dönüşlülüğün benzer ve farklı ifade biçimleri belirlenmiştir.
The present research work is focused on linguistic reflexivity and reflexive verbs in the Turkish language. It bases its research questions on a survey of the respective scientific literature and then proceeds to empirically and synchronically deal with Turkish reflexive verbs according to their form and function. About 6000 verbs have been extracted from the Dictionary of Turkish by TDK (Türk Dil Kurumu) which served as the corpus of the survey; composed and negative verbs ending on -ma-/ -me- have not been taken into consideration. They were then classified according to their form, i.e. their voice marking suffixes. Those ending with -n-, -ş-, and -l- have been classified as reciprocal, passive, and reflexive respectively according to their voice. Criteria had to be developed how to separate both reciprocal and passive verbs from reflexive ones ending with the same suffix. Reflexive verbs were analyzed morphologically, semantically, and syntactically. Although morphologically marked as being reflexive, not all of them behave reflexive in terms of semantics. Instead, they serve different semantic functions. Following didactic considerations they have been functionally regrouped. In addition linguistic reflexivity and reflexive verbs in the Turkish language were compared to those in the German language according to their morphological, semantic, and syntactic features. Reflexivity and reflexive verbs in the Turkish and the German language display both common and different features which have to be taken into consideration when teaching Turkish and German as foreign languages.
The present research work is focused on linguistic reflexivity and reflexive verbs in the Turkish language. It bases its research questions on a survey of the respective scientific literature and then proceeds to empirically and synchronically deal with Turkish reflexive verbs according to their form and function. About 6000 verbs have been extracted from the Dictionary of Turkish by TDK (Türk Dil Kurumu) which served as the corpus of the survey; composed and negative verbs ending on -ma-/ -me- have not been taken into consideration. They were then classified according to their form, i.e. their voice marking suffixes. Those ending with -n-, -ş-, and -l- have been classified as reciprocal, passive, and reflexive respectively according to their voice. Criteria had to be developed how to separate both reciprocal and passive verbs from reflexive ones ending with the same suffix. Reflexive verbs were analyzed morphologically, semantically, and syntactically. Although morphologically marked as being reflexive, not all of them behave reflexive in terms of semantics. Instead, they serve different semantic functions. Following didactic considerations they have been functionally regrouped. In addition linguistic reflexivity and reflexive verbs in the Turkish language were compared to those in the German language according to their morphological, semantic, and syntactic features. Reflexivity and reflexive verbs in the Turkish and the German language display both common and different features which have to be taken into consideration when teaching Turkish and German as foreign languages.