Publication: Envanter Planlama ve Kontrol Modellerinin İşletmelerde Uygulanması
Abstract
İşletmeler için, karmaşık iş dünyası faaliyetleri sebebiyle envanter bulundurma ve planlama bir zorunluluk halini almıştır. Envanter bulundurma işletme maliyetlerini arttırıcı yönde etkide bulunmasına karşın gerekli bir envanter kaleminin elde bulunmaması nedeniyle üretim programının kesintiye uğraması da işletme için önemli ölçüde maliyet girdisine dönüşebilir. Firma için en uygun yol, maliyet dengesini sağlayacak bir mekanizmanın oluşturulmasıdır. Envanter kontrol ve planlama modelleri sözü edilen maliyet optimizasyonunun sağlanması amacıyla kullanılan modellerdir. Envanter kontrol modelleri ile ilgili ilk çalışmalar, talebin sabit olduğu ve bilindiği durumlara uygulanmak için geliştirilen ekonomik mal teorisi ile başlamış, daha sonra talebin belirsiz olduğu durumlara uygulanacak modellerin geliştirilmesiyle devam etmiştir. Son yıllarda envanter kontrol mekanizması alanında yapılan çalışmalar malzeme gereksinim planlaması üzerinde yoğunlaşmaya başlamıştır. Tez bölümlerinin sıralanmasında da yukarıdaki sıra takip edilmiş dolayısıyla ilk olarak envanter kavramı ve türleri ile planlama ve kontrol mekanizmasına yön veren maliyet değişkenleri incelenmiştir. Farklılıklar içermesi nedeniyle deterministik ve stokastik modeller ayrı bölümlerde yer almıştır. İncelemeye Temel Ekonomik Sipariş Miktarı modelinden başlanmış ve giderek daha karmaşık modellere yer verilmiştir. Stokastik modellerin irdelenmesinde ilk bölümü emniyet stoğu kavramı oluşturmaktadır. Envanter kontrol modellerinin incelenmesine ilişkin bölümde ise elde bulundurulacak envanterin planlaması ve bu materyallerin bir kontrol sürecine tabi tutularak optimal bir şekilde değerlendirilmesi için oluşturulmuş teknikler arasından hangisi ya da hangilerinin seçilmesinin daha doğru olabileceği konusunda görüş belirtilmiştir. MRP sisteminin, ürünlerin ana üretim programına uygun olarak üretilebilmesi için gerekli olan bileşenlerin optimal miktarda ve doğru zamanda üretim sürecinde bulunmasını sağlayan bir yapıda olması nedeniyle uygulama modeli olarak seçilmiştir.
ABSTARCT Concerning to companies, because of the complicated activities of world business holding and planning inventory material are great obligations. Holding inventory affects to rise cost values besides, lack of an essential inventory material cause to interrupt production planning that changes into an important cost value. The most appropriate way for company is to realize an equilibrium mechanism that will help to provide for balancing the cost. Models of inventory control and planning are used for the purpose of cost value optimization that mentioned before. It is possible to observe the first studies regarding inventory control models on the first quarter of 20 th. century. The studies are begun with theory of economical goods that are developed for application of fixed and known demand and then the studies continue with the development of models in the situation of undetermined demand. During recent years, studies are done in the field of inventory control especially intensified on material requirement planning. Arranging in order of the sections of thesis are followed above sequences. Therefore, inventory concept and its kinds, along with these planning and control mechanisms that are influenced by cost variables were discussed and formed as first and second parts of thesis. Because of including differences, deterministic and stochastic models were taken place in separate sections. An examination begins with economic order quantity model but, systematically more complicated models were observed. First step in review of stochastic models is to form concept of safety stock. In the section of examining the models of inventory control contains a plan of inventory already obtained and those materials are to be controlled for adding value in optimal way. Techniques that were formed include a point of view that ones are supposed to be selected. Material requirement planning system is selected as a model of application by reason of needed materials and parts are ensured at optimal quantity and right time at the manufacturing line in consistent with the main production plan.
ABSTARCT Concerning to companies, because of the complicated activities of world business holding and planning inventory material are great obligations. Holding inventory affects to rise cost values besides, lack of an essential inventory material cause to interrupt production planning that changes into an important cost value. The most appropriate way for company is to realize an equilibrium mechanism that will help to provide for balancing the cost. Models of inventory control and planning are used for the purpose of cost value optimization that mentioned before. It is possible to observe the first studies regarding inventory control models on the first quarter of 20 th. century. The studies are begun with theory of economical goods that are developed for application of fixed and known demand and then the studies continue with the development of models in the situation of undetermined demand. During recent years, studies are done in the field of inventory control especially intensified on material requirement planning. Arranging in order of the sections of thesis are followed above sequences. Therefore, inventory concept and its kinds, along with these planning and control mechanisms that are influenced by cost variables were discussed and formed as first and second parts of thesis. Because of including differences, deterministic and stochastic models were taken place in separate sections. An examination begins with economic order quantity model but, systematically more complicated models were observed. First step in review of stochastic models is to form concept of safety stock. In the section of examining the models of inventory control contains a plan of inventory already obtained and those materials are to be controlled for adding value in optimal way. Techniques that were formed include a point of view that ones are supposed to be selected. Material requirement planning system is selected as a model of application by reason of needed materials and parts are ensured at optimal quantity and right time at the manufacturing line in consistent with the main production plan.