Publication: Asimetrik enformasyonun bankacılık sektörüne etkileri: Türkiye örneği
Abstract
Asimetrik enformasyon problemleri bir işlemin taraflarının eşit olmayan enformasyon setlerine sahip oldukları bir durumu yansıtmaktadır Ters seçim ve ahlaki olmak üzere başlıca iki tür asimetrik enformasyon problemi vardır.Ters seçim problemi işlem öncesinde, ahlaki riziko problemiyse işlem sonrasında gerçekleşmektedir.Bu problemler finansal piyasalarda kaynakların etkin olmayan bir biçimde tahsisine yol açacaktır. Asimetrik enformasyon problemleri ayrıca finansal krizlere de yol açabilir ya da en azından finansal krizlerin daha da şiddetlenmesine ve derinleşmesine katkıda bulunabilir Finansal aracılar, özellikle bankalar, asimetrik enformasyon problemlerinin üstesinden gelmede iyi bir donanıma sahiptir. Bankalar, kredi verilmeden önce enformasyon elde ederek, işlem sonrasında borçluları izleyerek ve müşterileriyle uzun vadeli ilişkileri yoluyla enformasyon toplayarak asimetrik enformasyon problemlerini azaltabilirler. Diğer yandan, bankalar da asimetrik enformasyon problemlerine maruz kalabilir. Bankalar daha riskli aktivitelere girişebilirler bu nedenle düzenlemeye tabi tutulmaları gerekmektedir. Basiretli düzenleme,denetim ve gözetim asimetrik enformasyon problemlerini azaltmada zaruridir. Asimetrik enformasyon problemleri tamamen ortadan kaldırılamayabilir, ancak enformasyon üretici ve paylaşıcı faaliyetler ve finansal aracılık vasıtasıyla önemli ölçüde azaltılabilir.Asimetrik enformasyonla ilişkili problemleri önlemede etkin teşvik mekanizmalarını yürürlüğe koymak da önemlidir. Bu çalışmada asimetrik enformasyon kavramını genel olarak açıklamak ve Türk bankacılık sistemindeki asimetrik enformasyon problemlerinin varlığını incelemek amaçlanmaktadır.
Asymmetric information problem reflects a situation that the parts of a transaction have inequal information sets. There are two main types of asymmetric information problem: adverse selection and moral hazard. Adverse selection problem occurs before the transaction takes place; moral hazard problem occurs after the transaction. These problems will lead to the inefficient allocation of resources in financial markets. Asymmetric information problems may also lead to financial crises or at least, contribute to the financial crises' become more severe and deepen. Financial intermediaries, especially banks are well equipped with to overcome asymmetric information problems; they can reduce asymmetric information problems through obtaining information before the loan is made, monitoring borrowers after the transaction occurs, and collecting information through their long term relationship with their customers. On the other hand, even the banks may exposed asymmetrics information problems. Banks may engage in riskier activites, so they must be regulated. Prudential regulation and supervision are essential in reducing asymmetric information problems. Asymmetric information problems may not be totally eliminated but considerably reduced by the information producing and sharing activites, and financial intermediation. It is also important to put into practise efficient incentive mechanisms in order to prevent asymmetric information related problems. In this study it is aimed to explain asymmetric information concept generally, and to examine the presence of asymmetric information problems in the Turkish banking system
Asymmetric information problem reflects a situation that the parts of a transaction have inequal information sets. There are two main types of asymmetric information problem: adverse selection and moral hazard. Adverse selection problem occurs before the transaction takes place; moral hazard problem occurs after the transaction. These problems will lead to the inefficient allocation of resources in financial markets. Asymmetric information problems may also lead to financial crises or at least, contribute to the financial crises' become more severe and deepen. Financial intermediaries, especially banks are well equipped with to overcome asymmetric information problems; they can reduce asymmetric information problems through obtaining information before the loan is made, monitoring borrowers after the transaction occurs, and collecting information through their long term relationship with their customers. On the other hand, even the banks may exposed asymmetrics information problems. Banks may engage in riskier activites, so they must be regulated. Prudential regulation and supervision are essential in reducing asymmetric information problems. Asymmetric information problems may not be totally eliminated but considerably reduced by the information producing and sharing activites, and financial intermediation. It is also important to put into practise efficient incentive mechanisms in order to prevent asymmetric information related problems. In this study it is aimed to explain asymmetric information concept generally, and to examine the presence of asymmetric information problems in the Turkish banking system
