Publication: Arşiv Malzemesinin Bozulmasına Neden Olan Etkenler ve Koruma Yöntemleri
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Arşivler, devlet ile vatandaşlarının haklarını belgeleyen, koruyan, bir vakayı kanıtlamaya ve aydınlatmaya yarayan
kurumlardır. Arşivlerin hukuki, askeri, ekonomik, bilimsel, sosyal, sanatsal, tarihsel ve kültürel miras açısından etkin bir
bilgi değeri vardır. Arşivlerin en önemli özelliği, geçmişte ve günümüzde elde edilen bilgileri geleceğe taşıyan, farklı
disiplinlerdeki bilim insanlarının araştırma ve geliştirme faaliyetlerindeki güvenilir ilk başvuru kaynağı olmasıdır.
Arşivcilik zaman içeresinde ve sistematik faaliyetler neticesinde bir bilim dalı haline gelmiştir. Arşivcilik bilimi, kültürel
mirasın gelecek nesillere en doğru şekilde intikali ve arşiv malzemesinin korunması ile de ilgilenir. Bu çalışmada, arşiv
malzemesinin ve ileride arşiv malzemesi hâline gelecek arşivlik malzemenin korunmasına yönelik tehdit unsuru oluşturan
tahribat etkenlerini ortaya konulması ve alınması gereken tedbirler sırasında kullanılan yöntemlerin günümüz şartlarına
uygun olarak tekrar gözden geçirilmesini amaçlanmaktadır. Yayınlanacak ulusal düzeyde, kapsamlı ve sürdürülebilir bir
koruma rehberinin oluşturulması ile arşiv malzemesinin fiziksel ve içerik bütünlüğündeki yapı bozulmasının önüne
geçilerek, hukuki ve idari zorunluluğun yanı sıra kurumsal hafızanın oluşmasına ve korunmasına katkı sağlaması
çalışmanın hedefleri arasındadır. Bu çalışmada, arşiv malzemesinin korunmasına yönelik tehdit unsuru oluşturan tahribat
etkenleri ve bu etkenlere karşı alınması gereken tedbirler ve kullanılan yöntemler incelenmiştir. Çalışmada araştırma
yöntemi olarak bilimsel analiz metodu ve veri toplama tekniği kullanılmıştır. Geçmişte yayınlanan bazı kaynaklarda geçen
koruma yöntemleri (muska, tılsımlı kâğıt parçası, çeşitli hayvan derisi vb.) uygulama safhasındaki geçerliliklerini
kaybetmeleri nedeniyle araştırmaya dâhil edilmemiştir. Biyolojik, fiziksel, kimyasal, doğal afet ve diğer tahribat etkenleri
ve tahribat etkenlerine karşı literatürde yer alan koruma yöntemleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın güncel sorunlara yardımcı
olmasına özellikle özen gösterilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler neticesinde ülkemizde arşiv malzemesinin bozulmasına neden
tahribat etkenleri ve tahribat etkenlerine karşı uygulanan koruma yöntemlerine yönelik bilimsel çalışmalara önem
verilmesi önerilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kültürel Miras, Arşiv Malzemesi, Tahribat Etkenleri, Koruma Yöntemleri
Archives are institutions that document and protect the rights of the state and its citizens and serve to prove and clarify a case. Archives have an effective information value in terms of legal, military, economic, scientific, social, artistic, historical and cultural heritage. The most important feature of archives is that they are the first reliable source of reference for research and development activities of scientists in different disciplines, carrying the information obtained in the past and present to the future. Archiving has become a branch of science over time and as a result of systematic activities. Archival science also deals with the most accurate transmission of cultural heritage to future generations and the protection of archival material. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the destruction factors that pose a threat to the protection of archival material and archival material that will become archival material in the future and to review the methods used during the measures to be taken in accordance with today's conditions. The objectives of the study are to prevent the deterioration of the physical and content integrity of the archival material by creating a national, comprehensive and sustainable preservation guide to be published, and to contribute to the formation and protection of institutional memory as well as legal and administrative obligation. In this study, the destructive factors that pose a threat to the protection of archival material and the measures to be taken against these factors and the methods used are examined. Scientific analysis method and data collection technique were used as research methods in the study. The protection methods mentioned in some sources published in the past (amulets, talismanic pieces of paper, various animal skins, etc.) were not included in the study because they lost their validity at the application stage. Biological, physical, chemical, natural disaster and other destruction factors and protection methods in the literature against destruction factors were examined. Particular care has been taken to ensure that the research helps with current problems. As a result of the data obtained, it is recommended to give importance to scientific studies on the destruction factors that cause the deterioration of archival material in our country and the protection methods applied against destruction factors. Keywords: Cultural Heritage, Archival Material, Destruction Factors, Conservation Methods
Archives are institutions that document and protect the rights of the state and its citizens and serve to prove and clarify a case. Archives have an effective information value in terms of legal, military, economic, scientific, social, artistic, historical and cultural heritage. The most important feature of archives is that they are the first reliable source of reference for research and development activities of scientists in different disciplines, carrying the information obtained in the past and present to the future. Archiving has become a branch of science over time and as a result of systematic activities. Archival science also deals with the most accurate transmission of cultural heritage to future generations and the protection of archival material. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the destruction factors that pose a threat to the protection of archival material and archival material that will become archival material in the future and to review the methods used during the measures to be taken in accordance with today's conditions. The objectives of the study are to prevent the deterioration of the physical and content integrity of the archival material by creating a national, comprehensive and sustainable preservation guide to be published, and to contribute to the formation and protection of institutional memory as well as legal and administrative obligation. In this study, the destructive factors that pose a threat to the protection of archival material and the measures to be taken against these factors and the methods used are examined. Scientific analysis method and data collection technique were used as research methods in the study. The protection methods mentioned in some sources published in the past (amulets, talismanic pieces of paper, various animal skins, etc.) were not included in the study because they lost their validity at the application stage. Biological, physical, chemical, natural disaster and other destruction factors and protection methods in the literature against destruction factors were examined. Particular care has been taken to ensure that the research helps with current problems. As a result of the data obtained, it is recommended to give importance to scientific studies on the destruction factors that cause the deterioration of archival material in our country and the protection methods applied against destruction factors. Keywords: Cultural Heritage, Archival Material, Destruction Factors, Conservation Methods
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Citation
Uylukçu S., YILMAZ ŞENTÜRK E., "Arşiv Malzemesinin Bozulmasına Neden Olan Etkenler ve Koruma Yöntemleri", Arşiv Dünyası, cilt.10, sa.1, ss.24-43, 2023
