Publication: İngiliz siyasal sistemi
Abstract
İngiliz Siyasal Sistemi konulu tezimin amacı bu sistemin tarihsel gelişiminden yola çıkarak bugünkü düzenin esaslarını incelemektir. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın ilk bölümünde İngiliz Kamu Hukuku' nun Gelişimi incelenmiştir. Kronolojik sırayla ele alınan tarihsel olaylar kamu hukukuna yaptıkları etki gözönüne alınarak incelenmiştir. İngiliz siyasal tarihinin en önemli olayları üç ana bölüme ayrılmıştır. Bunlar; kralın iktidarının sınırlama çabalarının esas olduğu XI. - XVII. yüzyıllar; parlamenter rejimin kurulduğu XVII. yüzyıl ve son olarak Anayasal monarşi olarak adlandırılan kabine ve parti sisteminin yerleştiği XVIII. - XX. yüzyıllar şeklinde gruplandırılmıştır. Araştırmanın ana inceleme konusunu oluşturan İngiliz Siyasal Sistemi ikinci bölümde incelenmiştir. Bu bölüm iki ana başlıktan oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde İngiliz siyasal sistemine ilişkin görüşler ele alınmış ve pratikteki sistem de dikkate alınarak karşılıklı mukayeseleri yapılmıştır. İkinci bölümde ise parlamento, yürütme gücü ve Kraliçe' nin birbirleriyle ilişkileri, yetkileri ve görevleri Devlet sistemi başlığı altında incelenmiştir. Üçüncü ve son bölümde ise demokratik sistemin vazgeçilmez birer unsuru olan Siyasi Partiler ve Seçimler ele alınmıştır. İngiliz toplum hayatında siyasal partilerin önemine dikkat çekilerek, İngiltere' nin üç büyük partisi tarihsel gelişimleri, yapıları ve oy potansiyelleri açısından sistematik olarak gözden geçirilmiştir. Son olarak İngiliz Seçim sistemi ve 1945-1997 dönemindeki seçimler incelenmiştir. Tezin sonuç bölümünde ise İngiliz Siyasal Sistemi' nin kendine has özellikleri ile bir çok açıdan çağdaş demokratik rejimin örneklerinden olduğu neticesine varılmıştır.
The aim of my thesis named British Political System is to underline the historical development of the system and to define the structure of today' s British Government. According the aim of my search, in the first chapter the historical development of the British goverment law is examined. The historical developments which are listed chronologically are defined according to their effects in British administrative law. The most important events in British political history are divided into three groups. These are; the XI. - XVII. The centuries in which the aim is to reduce the governing facilities of the king; the XVII th century in which the parliamentary model is established; and finally XVIII - XX. th centuries in which the cabinet and the political party system is established under the name of constitutional monarchy. The main concept of this thesis, which is the British political system is examined in the second chapter. The second chapter is made of two sub-chapters. The fisrt sub-chapter is about the political theories over British political system; in the second sub-chapter the government system is examined according to the relations of the government powers. In the last sub-chapter the political parties and the elections which are one of the most important subjects of the democratic system are defined. Three most important parties of the British system and their vote potantials are the subject of this chapter. Finally British electoral system and the elections in the 1945-1997 are underlined. As a result at the end of the thesis, I have reached the solution that the British political system with its' distinguised character is a unique example of the modern democratic regime.
The aim of my thesis named British Political System is to underline the historical development of the system and to define the structure of today' s British Government. According the aim of my search, in the first chapter the historical development of the British goverment law is examined. The historical developments which are listed chronologically are defined according to their effects in British administrative law. The most important events in British political history are divided into three groups. These are; the XI. - XVII. The centuries in which the aim is to reduce the governing facilities of the king; the XVII th century in which the parliamentary model is established; and finally XVIII - XX. th centuries in which the cabinet and the political party system is established under the name of constitutional monarchy. The main concept of this thesis, which is the British political system is examined in the second chapter. The second chapter is made of two sub-chapters. The fisrt sub-chapter is about the political theories over British political system; in the second sub-chapter the government system is examined according to the relations of the government powers. In the last sub-chapter the political parties and the elections which are one of the most important subjects of the democratic system are defined. Three most important parties of the British system and their vote potantials are the subject of this chapter. Finally British electoral system and the elections in the 1945-1997 are underlined. As a result at the end of the thesis, I have reached the solution that the British political system with its' distinguised character is a unique example of the modern democratic regime.