Publication: Küreselleşme, istihdam ve emek piyasaları
Abstract
Günümüzde dünya çok hızlı bir değişime uğramakta ve buna paralel olarak da küreselleşme olgusu en fazla tartışılan konuların başında gelmektedir. Küreselleşmenin lehinde ve aleyhinde çok farklı görüşler vardır. Küreselleşme, 1960'lı ve 1970'li yılların işçi hareketlerindeki mücadeleci dönemden, 1980'lerde ve 1990'larda uluslararası rekabetin arttığı, verimlilik ve ekonomik etkinliğin önem kazandığı bir döneme geçiş sürecinde ortaya çıkmış bir kavramdır. Genel görüş ise özellikle 1980'li yıllarda hemen hemen her alanda küreselleşme sürecine girildiği yönündedir. Bu tez üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde küreselleşme kavramı, kapsamı ve tarihsel gelişimi açıklanmış, Ekonomik Küreselleşme başlığı altında genel olarak dünya ekonomisinde küreselleşmeyi hızlandıran temel etkenler ve küreselleşmeyle birlikte ortaya çıkan kavramlar irdelenmiştir. Uluslararası rekabetin artışı, teknolojik yenilikler, çokuluslu şirketler ve son olarak işsizliğin artışı küreselleşmeyle alakalandırılmış ve ekonomik küreselleşmenin sonuçları olarak ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde, istihdam ve işsizlik kavramları tanımlanmış ve küreselleşme sürecinin bu kavramlara etkileri saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Dünya'da, OECD ülkelerinde, AB ülkelerinde ve Türkiye'deki istihdam ve işsizlik sorunları çok boyutlu ve analitik bir yaklaşımla ele alınmış, sosyal ve ekonomik göstergeler ile desteklenmeye çalışılmıştır. Son olarak, küreselleşmenin işgücü piyasalarına olan etkileri sonucu ortaya konulan istihdam politikalarına ve önerilere yer verilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümün konusunu emek piyasaları oluşturmaktadır. Küresel eğilimler sonucunda dünya ve Türk emek piyasasındaki değişimler incelenmiştir. Sorunlara çözüm olarak esneklik uygulamaları ve dünyada uygulanan reformlar irdelenerek bu bölüm tamamlanmıştır. Sonuç bölümünde ise küreselleşmenin genel etkilerine paralel olarak özellikle istihdam ve işsizlik açısından çalışma hayatına etkileri ve dayattığı yenilikler, çözüm önerileri ve ilgili değerlendirmeler yer almaktadır.
These days, since the world is changing rapidly, globalization is the topic that most discussions are made about. There are many ideas which are either in favor or in opposition. Globalization, has appeared in the transition period of 1960 & 1970's struggle of worker movements to 1980 & 1990's period where international competition has grown, productivity and economical activity has more importance. Overall opnion is that globalization has the first hand almost in every field. This thesis consists of three parts. İn the first part, the concept of globalization, its extension and its historical development is explained, in the part named as Economical Globalization, the basic factors of world economy which accelerates globalization and the the concepts that have arisen with globalization is examined. The rise of international competition, technological inventions, multinational corporations and at last, increase in unemployment has been paralelled with globalization and considered as the economical results of globalization. In the second part, employment and unemployment concepts is defined and the impact of globalization on these concepts is studied. The problems about employment and un emplloyment in the world, in OECD countries, in EU countries and in Turkey is analitically studied and tried to be supported with social and economic indicators. Labor markets are the topics of the third part. The changes in the labor market in the world and Turkey because of the global tendencies are examined. This part is completed with the study about the flexibility policies and the reforms that are applied in the world as a solution to the problems. In the conclusion, the effects of the globalization , parallel with its general effects to the work sector especially about employment and unemployment and the inovations it insists, solution theories and related evaluations are taken part.
These days, since the world is changing rapidly, globalization is the topic that most discussions are made about. There are many ideas which are either in favor or in opposition. Globalization, has appeared in the transition period of 1960 & 1970's struggle of worker movements to 1980 & 1990's period where international competition has grown, productivity and economical activity has more importance. Overall opnion is that globalization has the first hand almost in every field. This thesis consists of three parts. İn the first part, the concept of globalization, its extension and its historical development is explained, in the part named as Economical Globalization, the basic factors of world economy which accelerates globalization and the the concepts that have arisen with globalization is examined. The rise of international competition, technological inventions, multinational corporations and at last, increase in unemployment has been paralelled with globalization and considered as the economical results of globalization. In the second part, employment and unemployment concepts is defined and the impact of globalization on these concepts is studied. The problems about employment and un emplloyment in the world, in OECD countries, in EU countries and in Turkey is analitically studied and tried to be supported with social and economic indicators. Labor markets are the topics of the third part. The changes in the labor market in the world and Turkey because of the global tendencies are examined. This part is completed with the study about the flexibility policies and the reforms that are applied in the world as a solution to the problems. In the conclusion, the effects of the globalization , parallel with its general effects to the work sector especially about employment and unemployment and the inovations it insists, solution theories and related evaluations are taken part.