Publication: Resûlî Sultanı Melik Muzaffer ve döneminin belli başlı siyasi-ilmî gelişmeleri
Abstract
Resûlî Hânedanlığı, Eyyûbîler’in Yemen’deki son sultanın vefatından sonra bölgedeki nâibi olan Melik Mansûr Nûreddin Ömer’in bağımsızlığını ilan etmesiyle 626/ 1229 senesinde kurulmuş olup, 858/ 1454 yılına kadar Yemen’de varlığını sürdürmüştür. Resûlîler, sultanlarının siyasi, iktisadî ve kültürel alandaki başarılı politikaları sayesinde iki asrı aşkın bir süre Yemen’de hüküm sürmüş bir hânedanlıktır. Resûlî Hânedanlığı’nın en gelişmiş dönemine sahne olan, Yemen’deki birliği tesis eden, bölgedeki ilmî canlanışta önemli açılımlar sağlayan hükümdarı, hiç şüphesiz Melik Muzaffer’dir. 648/ 1250 ile 694/ 1295 yılları arasında hüküm süren Melik Muzaffer, başarılı bir devlet adamı olarak iktidarı süresince siyasi, iktisadî, ilmî ve kültürel alanlarda gösterdiği ilerlemelerle Yemen tarihinde olduğu kadar İslâm tarihinde de önemli izler bırakmıştır. Kırk altı senelik iktidarı süresince hânedan mensupları ve Yemen’deki Zeydîler’e karşı yaşanan yoğun hâkimiyet mücadelesine rağmen hem saltanatı elde etmeyi hem de Yemen’deki toprak hâkimiyetini genişletmeyi başarmıştır. Âlim sultan olarak nitelendirilen Melik Muzaffer’in ilim alanındaki şahsî gayretlerinin yanı sıra, ilme değer vermesi ve ulemâyı desteklemesi sayesinde Resûlî Hânedanlığı ilmî açıdan önemli gelişmeler yaşamıştır. Bu çalışmada, Resûlî dönemi kaynaklarından istifade edilerek, hânedanlığın ikinci sultanı olan Melik Muzaffer ve uzun süren iktidarı dönemi çok yönlü olarak ele alınacaktır. Giriş, üç ana bölüm ve sonuç kısımlarından oluşacak olan çalışmada, sırasıyla Melik Muzaffer’in hayatı ve şahsiyeti, iktidar dönemi ve onun döneminde yaşanan ilmî gelişmeler ele alınarak sonuca bağlanacaktır.
Rasulid dynasty was established in 626/ 1229 after the death of the last Ayyubid sultan in Yemen and the declaration of independence by his regent in the region, Malik Mansur Nuraddin Umar, and has existed in Yemen until 858/ 1454. Rasulids governed in Yemen for over two centuries thanks to successful policies of its sultans in fields of politics, economy, science and culture. The ruler of the most advanced period of the Rasulid dynasty, who ensured the unity in Yemen and made significant inroads in the scholarly revival in the region, was undoubtedly Malik Muzaffar. As a successful statesman, Malik Muzaffar who ruled between 648/ 1250 and 694/ 1295 lefted an important mark in the history of Yemen as well as in the history of Islam with the progress he made in political, economic, scientific and cultural fields during his rule. During his forty six years of rule, he succeeded in both gaining the sultanate and expanding his territorial control in Yemen despite the intense struggle for dominance against the members of the dynasty and the Zaydis of Yemen. In addition to his personal effort in the field of science, Melik Muzaffar, who was characterized as a scholarly sultan, supported the scholars and built many religious and scientific institutions, which led to important scientific developments in the Rasulid dynasty. In this study, Malik Muzaffar, the second sultan of the Rasulid Dynasty, and his long period of rule will be analyzed in a multifaceted way by utilizing the sources of the Rasulids period. The study, which will consist of an introduction, three main chapters and a conclusion, will be concluded by discussing the life and personality of Malik Muzaffar, the period of his rule and the scholarly developments during his reign.
Rasulid dynasty was established in 626/ 1229 after the death of the last Ayyubid sultan in Yemen and the declaration of independence by his regent in the region, Malik Mansur Nuraddin Umar, and has existed in Yemen until 858/ 1454. Rasulids governed in Yemen for over two centuries thanks to successful policies of its sultans in fields of politics, economy, science and culture. The ruler of the most advanced period of the Rasulid dynasty, who ensured the unity in Yemen and made significant inroads in the scholarly revival in the region, was undoubtedly Malik Muzaffar. As a successful statesman, Malik Muzaffar who ruled between 648/ 1250 and 694/ 1295 lefted an important mark in the history of Yemen as well as in the history of Islam with the progress he made in political, economic, scientific and cultural fields during his rule. During his forty six years of rule, he succeeded in both gaining the sultanate and expanding his territorial control in Yemen despite the intense struggle for dominance against the members of the dynasty and the Zaydis of Yemen. In addition to his personal effort in the field of science, Melik Muzaffar, who was characterized as a scholarly sultan, supported the scholars and built many religious and scientific institutions, which led to important scientific developments in the Rasulid dynasty. In this study, Malik Muzaffar, the second sultan of the Rasulid Dynasty, and his long period of rule will be analyzed in a multifaceted way by utilizing the sources of the Rasulids period. The study, which will consist of an introduction, three main chapters and a conclusion, will be concluded by discussing the life and personality of Malik Muzaffar, the period of his rule and the scholarly developments during his reign.