Publication: Şevkani’nin Şer’i kıyas ile ilgili görüşleri
Abstract
Şevkânî’nin şer‘î kıyasla ilgili görüşlerinin merkeze alındığı bu çalışmanın giriş bölümde müellifin hayatı, ilmî şahsiyeti, eserleri ve İslam dünyasındaki etkileri ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın birinci bölümde Şevkânî’nin fıkıh usulü sahasında şer‘î kıyas ile ilgili görüş ve yaklaşımları İrşâdü’l-fuhûl adlı eserine odaklanılarak ortaya konulmuştur. Bu bölümde kıyas taraftarları tarafından kıyasın hücciyyetine dair getirilen delillere Şevkânî tarafından verilen cevaplar üzerinde ayrıntılı olarak durulmuş ve kıyası inkâr edenler diğer fakihler ve Şevkânî arasında mukayeseye ışık tutacak bazı verilere yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümde ise Şevkânî’nin şer‘î kıyasa bakışını yansıtan temsil kabiliyeti yüksek bazı füru-ı fıkıh örneklerine yer verilmiş ve kıyasa ilişkin tavrının füru-ı fıkıhtaki yansımaları ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuç itibariyle Şevkânî’nin, kıyas metoduyla dinde yer almayan birçok hükmün sonradan dine katıldığını düşünerek kıyasa karşı menfi bir duruş sergilediği tespit edilmiş, ancak kendisinden önce kıyasa karşı menfi bir tavır sergileyen Zâhirilerden bazı açılardan ayrıldığına dikkat çekilerek, kıyas adı verilen bütün istidlâl yöntemlerini reddetmediği ortaya konulmuştur. Usuldeki genel delil anlayışını ve özellikle kıyasa bakışını fürû-ı fıkha yansıtmakta tutarlı bir tavır sergilediği de görülmüştür. Fıkıh, Şevkânî, Kıyas, Edille-i Şer‘iyye.
In the introduction of this work which is focused on Shawkānī’s thoughts on qiyas of shari’a, life, works and scientific characteristics of Shawkānī are dealt with. In the first chapter, Shawkānī’s thoughts and approaches on qiyas of sharia in the framework of usul-al-fiqh (methodology of fiqh) are pointed out focusing on his work entitled “Irshad-al-fuhul”. In this chapter, Shawkānī’s answers to proofs on qiyas’ “hujjiyyah” taken by the pro-qiyas are analyzed in detail. Furthermore, some information that can shed light on the comparison between Shawkānī and other faqih’s who rejected qiyas. In the second chapter, outstanding examples showing Shawkānī’s view on qiyas of sharia are given. Moreover, reflections of his view of qiyas on “furu-al-fiqh” are studied. As conclusion, it is reached that Shawkānī had a negative stance against qiyas because he thought that qiyas enabled many commands to be included in the religion although they are not in essence. However, he was distinguished from the Zahiri’s whom are also against qiyas from certain points. It concluded that he did not reject every deduction methods which are also named as qiyas. Thus, it is shown that Shawkānī pursued a consistent position in reflecting general deduction understanding in methodology and especially reflecting his view of qiyas to furu-al-fiqh. Shawkānī, Qiyas, al-Adillah al-Shar’iyyah.
In the introduction of this work which is focused on Shawkānī’s thoughts on qiyas of shari’a, life, works and scientific characteristics of Shawkānī are dealt with. In the first chapter, Shawkānī’s thoughts and approaches on qiyas of sharia in the framework of usul-al-fiqh (methodology of fiqh) are pointed out focusing on his work entitled “Irshad-al-fuhul”. In this chapter, Shawkānī’s answers to proofs on qiyas’ “hujjiyyah” taken by the pro-qiyas are analyzed in detail. Furthermore, some information that can shed light on the comparison between Shawkānī and other faqih’s who rejected qiyas. In the second chapter, outstanding examples showing Shawkānī’s view on qiyas of sharia are given. Moreover, reflections of his view of qiyas on “furu-al-fiqh” are studied. As conclusion, it is reached that Shawkānī had a negative stance against qiyas because he thought that qiyas enabled many commands to be included in the religion although they are not in essence. However, he was distinguished from the Zahiri’s whom are also against qiyas from certain points. It concluded that he did not reject every deduction methods which are also named as qiyas. Thus, it is shown that Shawkānī pursued a consistent position in reflecting general deduction understanding in methodology and especially reflecting his view of qiyas to furu-al-fiqh. Shawkānī, Qiyas, al-Adillah al-Shar’iyyah.