Publication: ERMENİ KOMİTELERİNİN MALİ KAYNAKLARI
Abstract
13 Temmuz 1878’de Berlin Anlaşması’nın imzalanmasından sonra Batı diplomasisinde ortaya çıkan Ermeni Meselesi, kısa zamanda Osmanlı aleyhtarı propagandalarla devletin yıkılmasına kadar devam etmişti. Ermeni Meselesi’ni siyaseten ortaya atan yabancı devletler; ihtilal yanlısı Ermeniler’i maddî olarak da desteklemişlerdi. Ermeni Meselesi, kadîm Şark Meselesi’nin 1880’lerde yeni bir tezahürü idi. Bunun içindir ki, Şark Meselesi’nde adı geçen Rusya, İngiltere, Fransa gibi devletler, ilk adımda muhtariyet, daha sonra bağımsızlık amacıyla kurulan Ermeni komitelerine yardımlarını esirgemediler. Avrupa’da İsviçre, daha Batı’da ABD, Asya’da İran, hatta Hindistan Ermeniler’e maddî destek verdiler. Osmanlı, Rus ve Kafkas Ermenileri tarafından kurulan komitelerin silahlanması, propaganda ve terör hareketlerinin malî, kaynakları genellikle bu ülkelerde yaşayan Ermeniler ve mahallî halk tarafından karşılandı. Bu arada komiteciler, finansman sağlamada da kısmen gönüllülerden bağış topladılar; çoğu zaman şiddete başvurdular. Ermeni Meselesi’nin tarihî gelişimi bugüne kadar çok sayıda yerli ve yabancı araştırmacı tarafından taraflı ya da tarafsız surette ortaya konulmuştur. Bu araştırmalarda, yurt içi ve yurt dışında komiteciler yararına toplanan maddî yardımlara da yer yer atıflarda bulunulmuş; ancak, müstakil çalışmalar yapılmamıştır. Bu makalede, komitecilerin hangi ülkelerde, ne kadar aynî ve nakdî yardım topladıkları; yardımların hangi şahıs ve kurumlar aracılığıyla nerelerde, kimlere ve nasıl dağıtıldığı; servet denilebilecek büyük miktarlara ulaşan bu uluslararası nakdî varlığın gerek komitecileri, gerek yabancı hükümet ve kamuoylarını nasıl birbirine düşürdüğü arşiv belgeleri üzerinden değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
The Armenian Problem, that existed after signed The Berlin Pact in 13 July 1878 in The Western Diplomacy, continued tofall down of The Ottoman Empireby means of the negative propagandas. The Foreign States that created the Armenian Problem for Diplomacy, supported the Armenian that aimed revolution, with money as well. Armenian problem was a new version of the Ancient Eastern Problem in 1880 s. Because of this, The States, acting in The Eastern Problem for example Russia, England, French, supported The Armenian Committees that founded for firstly autonomy, after independance. Swiss in Europe, The United States in easter, Iran an deven India in Asia supported the Armenian with money. The Money sources for weapons, propagandas and terror acts of the committees that found The Ottoman, Russian and Caucasian Armenians, procured by Armenians settled in these Countries and native folks. The Committee members collected donations from the volunteers and used forcesfrequently for financement. The historical development of the Armenian Problem was exposed as objective or subjective by the native and foreign investigators until today. In the investigations of these investigators, cited for the donations and moneys that collected by the members of committee, but an investigation for this topic was not realized. In this article, in which countries and how much donations collected by the members of committee; the distributions of these donations were evaluated. In addition, we explained the competitions for these donationsbetween the members of committee and between governments and citizens.
The Armenian Problem, that existed after signed The Berlin Pact in 13 July 1878 in The Western Diplomacy, continued tofall down of The Ottoman Empireby means of the negative propagandas. The Foreign States that created the Armenian Problem for Diplomacy, supported the Armenian that aimed revolution, with money as well. Armenian problem was a new version of the Ancient Eastern Problem in 1880 s. Because of this, The States, acting in The Eastern Problem for example Russia, England, French, supported The Armenian Committees that founded for firstly autonomy, after independance. Swiss in Europe, The United States in easter, Iran an deven India in Asia supported the Armenian with money. The Money sources for weapons, propagandas and terror acts of the committees that found The Ottoman, Russian and Caucasian Armenians, procured by Armenians settled in these Countries and native folks. The Committee members collected donations from the volunteers and used forcesfrequently for financement. The historical development of the Armenian Problem was exposed as objective or subjective by the native and foreign investigators until today. In the investigations of these investigators, cited for the donations and moneys that collected by the members of committee, but an investigation for this topic was not realized. In this article, in which countries and how much donations collected by the members of committee; the distributions of these donations were evaluated. In addition, we explained the competitions for these donationsbetween the members of committee and between governments and citizens.