Publication: The Administration of the Turkish National Struggle and the Fact of Regime with Two Constitutions
Abstract
Türk Milli Mücadele Yönetimi (Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı) iki safhadan oluşur: Kongreler ve ANAYASA Safhası (Birinci Büyük Millet Meclisi: GNA). Kongreler safhası (özellikle Amasya Genelgesi, Erzurum ve Sivas Kongreleriyle ) “de facto” (fiili) iktidarı yaratır ve bu olguyu 23 Nisan 1920’de kurulan Birinci Büyük Millet Meclisi, “de iure” haline dönüştürür.1921 Teşkilat-ı Esasiye Kanunu gelişimi (ki, bu anayasanın tezleri Kongre safhasında üretilir) milli mücadele yönetiminin yasalaşmasını simgeler (Bir başka anlatımla millimücadele yönetiminin “fiili” safhasının “hukukileşmesi”). Milli Mücadele Yönetimi (yani Birinci Büyük Millet Meclisi Hükümeti sistemi) iki anayasalı bir rejim (ki, anayasacılık tarihinde hiçbir yerde görülmez) olgusunu uygular. Çünkü Kanuni Esasi henüz yürürlükten kaldırılmış değildir.
The Adminisration of theTurkish National Straggle are two phases: Congresses phase and Costitution phase (First Grand National Assembly: GNA). Congresses phase forms the constitutional thesis. GNA phase and The Constitution of 1921 (1921 Teşkilât-ı EsasiyeKanunu): The Fact of Anatolia Turkish National Struggle Administration created the first GNA in 23 April 1920 and so transformed the “de facto” power of national struggle to the “de iure” power or completed its formation in legal way. The development of the Constitution of 1921 is legalization of National Struggle Administraton ( “de iure” phase). The GNA regime are two constitutions. And this Assembly had a feature which was never seen before in constitution. That’s because Kanuni Esasi was also in force.
The Adminisration of theTurkish National Straggle are two phases: Congresses phase and Costitution phase (First Grand National Assembly: GNA). Congresses phase forms the constitutional thesis. GNA phase and The Constitution of 1921 (1921 Teşkilât-ı EsasiyeKanunu): The Fact of Anatolia Turkish National Struggle Administration created the first GNA in 23 April 1920 and so transformed the “de facto” power of national struggle to the “de iure” power or completed its formation in legal way. The development of the Constitution of 1921 is legalization of National Struggle Administraton ( “de iure” phase). The GNA regime are two constitutions. And this Assembly had a feature which was never seen before in constitution. That’s because Kanuni Esasi was also in force.