Publication: Orenburg'da çıkan Şûrâ dergisinde (1908-1917) Türkistan
Abstract
1905 Rus ihtilalinden sonra, Rus egemenliğindeki diğer halklar gibi Türkler de ihtilalin getirmiş olduğu hürriyet havasından yararlanıp birçok gazete ve dergi çıkarmışlardır. Bunu takip eden yıllarda Orenburg’un ünlü zengin ailelerinden Remiyefler (Zakir ve Şakir Remiyef) Vakıt matbaasını kurup önce Vakıt gazetesini ardından Şûrâ dergisini (1908) çıkarmaya başlamışladır. Özellikle gazete kıtlığı olduğu 1908-1912 yıllarında Türkistan’da haber alma kaynakları kısıtlı olmuştur, Şûrâ dergisi bu anlamda büyük bir boşluğu doldurmuştur. Dergide Türkistan’ın etnik yapısı, halkı, kültürel hayatı, siyasi hayat, toplumsal ve ekonomik hayatını anlatan ciddi yazılar yayınlanmıştır. Bahsi geçen konuların Tatar ceditçilerin gözünden nasıl anlatıldığını görmek bakımından da bunlar önemli kaynak teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışmada dergideki Türkistan’la ilgili yazılar tespit edilip okunmuş ve birçoğunun Latin harfli transkripsiyonu yapılmıştır. Yazılar işledikleri konulara göre tematik olarak sınıflandırılmış her konunun analiz ve değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmayla XX. Yüzyıl başında Türkistan’ın toplumsal, siyasi, kültürel, ekonomik yapısının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Buna göre, Türkistan’la ilgili en çok tartışılan meselelerin Sart kimliği, mektep-medrese meselelerdeki eğitimin ıslahı, kadın meselesi, halkın aydınlatılması konuları olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Türkistan halklarının toplumsal yaşamlarının pek iç açıcı olmadığı, halkın çağın gerisinde bir hayat sürdüğü, buna hem Rus ve Çin Hükümetlerinin ilgisizliği hem de Türkistan halkının kendi içerisindeki çatışmaların ve eğitimdeki eksikliklerin neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
After the 1905 Russian Revolution, The Muslims of Russia took advantage of the atmosphere of freedom brought by the revolution, as did the people under Russian rule, and published many newspapers and journals. In the following years, Remiyefs (Zakir and Şakir Remiyef), one of the famous rich families of Orenburg, established the Vakıt printing press and started to publish the Vakıt newspaper and then Şûrâ journal (1908). Especially in the years of 1908-1912, when there was a shortage of newspapers, the sources of news were limited in Turkestan and Şûrâ had filled a big gap in this sense. Serious articles about Turkistan's ethnic structure, people, cultural life, political life, social and economic life were published in the journal. This journal is also an important source in terms of seeing how the aforementioned issues are told through the eyes of Tatar Jadids. In this study, the articles about Turkistan in the journal were identified and read, and most of them were transcribed in Latin letters. The articles were classified thematically according to the subjects they covered, and each subject is analysed and evaluated. This study aimed at determining the social, political, cultural and economic structure of Turkestan at the beginning of the 20th century. Accordingly, it has been understood that the most discussed issues about Turkestan at the beginning of the 20th century were the Sart identity, the improvement of education in schools-madrasas, the issue of women, and the enlightenment of the public. It has been determined that the social life of the Turkestan people was not very pleasant, they led a life behind the times; and this is caused by the indifference of the Russian and Chinese Governments, as well as the conflicts within the people of Turkistan and the deficiencies in education.
After the 1905 Russian Revolution, The Muslims of Russia took advantage of the atmosphere of freedom brought by the revolution, as did the people under Russian rule, and published many newspapers and journals. In the following years, Remiyefs (Zakir and Şakir Remiyef), one of the famous rich families of Orenburg, established the Vakıt printing press and started to publish the Vakıt newspaper and then Şûrâ journal (1908). Especially in the years of 1908-1912, when there was a shortage of newspapers, the sources of news were limited in Turkestan and Şûrâ had filled a big gap in this sense. Serious articles about Turkistan's ethnic structure, people, cultural life, political life, social and economic life were published in the journal. This journal is also an important source in terms of seeing how the aforementioned issues are told through the eyes of Tatar Jadids. In this study, the articles about Turkistan in the journal were identified and read, and most of them were transcribed in Latin letters. The articles were classified thematically according to the subjects they covered, and each subject is analysed and evaluated. This study aimed at determining the social, political, cultural and economic structure of Turkestan at the beginning of the 20th century. Accordingly, it has been understood that the most discussed issues about Turkestan at the beginning of the 20th century were the Sart identity, the improvement of education in schools-madrasas, the issue of women, and the enlightenment of the public. It has been determined that the social life of the Turkestan people was not very pleasant, they led a life behind the times; and this is caused by the indifference of the Russian and Chinese Governments, as well as the conflicts within the people of Turkistan and the deficiencies in education.