Publication: Evlilik ritüelleri aracılığıyla mutlu birey inşası
Abstract
Sosyal inşacılık bakış açısına göre bireylerin dünyayı algılama ve anlama biçimini sosyal süreçler ve etkileşimleri şekillendirmektedir. İnanç, norm ve değer gibi sosyal gerçekliğin çeşitli veçheleri fiziksel gerçekliğin ampirik gözleminden ziyade toplum üyelerinin sürekli etkileşimi ve müzakere yoluyla oluşturulur; gerçek ve doğru olarak kabul edilen şey, bir toplum içindeki toplu sözleşmenin ve müzakerenin ürünüdür. Bireyler gerçekliği öznel olarak deneyimleyip yorumlasa da farklı gruplar ve bireyler aynı olguya ilişkin farklı bakış açılarına sahip olabilir ve toplumda birden fazla gerçekliğin bir arada var olabilir. Nişan, düğün gibi birtakım evlilik ritüelleri aracılığıyla toplumsal olarak ideal gelin ve damat- dolayısıyla ideal bir bireyler- imal ve inşa edilmektedir. Yazılı olmayan, tekrar tekrar imal edilen, değişen ve dönüşen inanç, norm ve gelenekler aile, medya, din gibi sosyal kurumları arkasına alarak kadınların belli sınırlar dahilinde hareket alanı tanımakta ve ideal bir birey imal etmektedir. Özellikle “mutlu gün”, “hayatın en mutlu günü”, “başlangıç” ve “dönüm noktası” gibi söylemler üzerinden mutluluk bir tüketim unsuruna, mevtaya dönüştürülmekte ve bir hedef olarak değil, peşinde koşulması gereken, çaba gerektiren bir ürün gibi sunulmaktadır. Sosyal olarak inşa edilmiş bu mutluluk kalıbına sığabilmeleri için ise bireyler evlilik ritüelleri, gelenek ve medya aracılığıyla tüketime teşvik edilmekte; ideal gelin ve damat inşası özellikle yaş, beden, inanç, aile, ekonomi, kültürel sermaye etrafında toplanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, tüketim yoluyla bilhassa kadınlara sonsuz seçenek hakkı verildiği ve aktif birer özne oldukları görüşünün aksine geleneksel cinsiyet rolleri tekrar tekrar inşa edilmekte; yaş, beden gibi unsurlara odaklanarak kadınların bireysel seçimleri ve tercih hakları sınırlandırılmaktadır. Bu nitel çalışma kapsamında evlilik ritüelleri ve süreçlerde önemli rol oynayan gelinlikçiler, çiçekçiler, fotoğrafçılar ve bu sektörde öne çıkan influencer’ların yanı sıra evli ve bekar katılımcılarla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmeler katılımcı gözlemin yanı sıra moda dergileri ve bloglar üzerinde söylem analiziyle desteklenmiştir. Görüşmeler neticesinde mutlu birey imalatı söz konusu olduğunda belirli güzellik ve beden algılarının nasıl oluştuğu, mutluluğun bir meta olarak tüketimi gibi konular toplumsal cinsiyet, tüketim kültürü ve sosyal inşa kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir.
From the perspective of social constructivism, the way individuals perceive and understand the world is shaped by social processes and interactions. Various aspects of social reality, such as beliefs, norms, and values, are formed not through empirical observation of physical reality, but through continuous interaction and negotiation among members of society. What is accepted as real and true is the product of collective agreement and negotiation within a society. While individuals experience and interpret reality subjectively, different groups and individuals can have different perspectives on the same phenomenon, allowing for the coexistence of multiple realities in society. Through certain marriage rituals, such as engagements and weddings, the socially ideal bride and groom—and therefore ideal individuals—is produced and constructed. Unwritten, repeatedly produced, changing, and transforming beliefs, norms, and traditions, backed by social institutions like family, media, and religion, confine women's actions within certain boundaries and produce an ideal individual. Particularly through discourses such as happy day, the happiest day of life, beginning, and turning point, happiness is turned into a consumable commodity and presented not as a goal but as a product to be pursued and strived for. To fit into this socially constructed mold of happiness, individuals are encouraged to consume through marriage rituals, traditions, and media. The construction of the ideal bride and groom especially revolves around age, body, belief, family, economic, and cultural capital. In this context, contrary to the view that women are given infinite choices and are active subjects through consumption, traditional gender roles are repeatedly constructed. By focusing on factors such as age and body, women's individual choices and rights of preference are limited. Within this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with married and single participants, as well as with bridal shop owners, florists, photographers, and prominent influencers in this sector who play important roles in marriage rituals and processes. The interviews were supported by participant observation and discourse analysis of fashion magazines and blogs. As a result of the interviews, how certain beauty and body perceptions are formed when it comes to the production of a happy individual, and the consumption of happiness as a commodity were evaluated in the context of gender, consumption culture, and social construction.
From the perspective of social constructivism, the way individuals perceive and understand the world is shaped by social processes and interactions. Various aspects of social reality, such as beliefs, norms, and values, are formed not through empirical observation of physical reality, but through continuous interaction and negotiation among members of society. What is accepted as real and true is the product of collective agreement and negotiation within a society. While individuals experience and interpret reality subjectively, different groups and individuals can have different perspectives on the same phenomenon, allowing for the coexistence of multiple realities in society. Through certain marriage rituals, such as engagements and weddings, the socially ideal bride and groom—and therefore ideal individuals—is produced and constructed. Unwritten, repeatedly produced, changing, and transforming beliefs, norms, and traditions, backed by social institutions like family, media, and religion, confine women's actions within certain boundaries and produce an ideal individual. Particularly through discourses such as happy day, the happiest day of life, beginning, and turning point, happiness is turned into a consumable commodity and presented not as a goal but as a product to be pursued and strived for. To fit into this socially constructed mold of happiness, individuals are encouraged to consume through marriage rituals, traditions, and media. The construction of the ideal bride and groom especially revolves around age, body, belief, family, economic, and cultural capital. In this context, contrary to the view that women are given infinite choices and are active subjects through consumption, traditional gender roles are repeatedly constructed. By focusing on factors such as age and body, women's individual choices and rights of preference are limited. Within this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with married and single participants, as well as with bridal shop owners, florists, photographers, and prominent influencers in this sector who play important roles in marriage rituals and processes. The interviews were supported by participant observation and discourse analysis of fashion magazines and blogs. As a result of the interviews, how certain beauty and body perceptions are formed when it comes to the production of a happy individual, and the consumption of happiness as a commodity were evaluated in the context of gender, consumption culture, and social construction.
