Publication: Kamu hizmeti anlayışında değişim ve kamu hizmetlerinin gördürülmesine ilişkin sözleşmeler
Abstract
Neoliberalizmin etkisiyle devletlerin üretim ve piyasaki konumu değişmiş,klasik kamu hizmeti anlayışındaki hizmeti kendi araç, gereç ve personeliyle yürütendevlet giderek yerini düzenleyici ve denetleyici devlete bırakmıştır. Kamu hizmetialanlarının özel hukuk kişilerine açılması mülkiyetin devri şeklinde özelleştirmelerle yada ruhsat vb. tek taraflı işlemler ve sözleşmelerle hizmetlerin idarenin gözetim vedenetimi altında özel hukuk kişilerine gördürülmesiyle olanaklı kılınmıştır. Tezin esaskonusu kamu hizmeti anlayışındaki değişimin idarenin yaptığı kamu hizmetleriningördürülmesine ilişkin sözleşmelere etkisi üzerinedir. Kamu hizmetlerinin özel hukukkişilerine gördürülmesinde idare ile özel hukuk kişileri arasında yapılan sözleşmeler idarisözleşmeler olabildiği gibi özel hukuk sözleşmeleri de olabilmektedir. AnayasaMahkemesi’nin kamu hizmetlerinin özel hukuk sözleşmesiyle gördürülemeyeceğineilişkin ısrarı doğrultusunda özel hukuk sözleşmesiyle yapılmasını öngören kanunlarıiptali, 1999 yılında Anayasa’nın 47.maddesinde yapılan değişiklikle, hizmetlerin kanunlaöngörülmesi şartıyla özel hukuk sözleşmesiyle gördürülebileceğine ilişkin hükmüneklenmesiyle son bulmuştur. Aynı zamanda Anayasa’nın 125.maddesinde yapılanxdeğişiklik ve Uluslararası Antlaşmalar yoluyla kamu hizmetlerinin gördürülmesineilişkin sözleşmelere ilişkin uyuşmazlıklara tahkim yolunun açılması sağlanmıştır.Böylece kamu hizmetleri hem özel hukuk kişilerine, özel hukuk sözleşmesiylegördürülebilir hale gelmiş hem de sözleşmelerden kaynaklı uyuşmazlıkların adli yargıdaya da tahkim yolunda çözümlenmesi olanaklı kılınmıştır. Kamu hizmeti anlayışında vekamu hizmetlerinin gördürülmesine ilişkin sözleşmelerde yaşanan bu değişimin hukuksisteminde olduğu gibi, hizmetten yararlananlar açısından da etkileri olmuştur.
With the influence of neoliberalism, the position of states in production and inthe market has changed, and the state, which provides the service with its own tools,equipment and personnel in classical public service model, has gradually been replacedby the regulatory and supervisory state. Opening of public service areas to private lawpersons through privatization in the form of transfer of ownership or through unilateraltransactions and contracts, such as licences, provision of the services by private lawpersons under the supervision and control of the administration has been made possible.The main subject of this thesis is concerned with the impact of the change in theunderstanding of public service on the contracts regarding the public services performedby private law persons under the supervision of the administration. Contracts between theadministration and private law persons can be administrative contracts as well as privatelaw contracts. The annulment of the laws stipulating that the public services may not berendered by the private law contract as a ceonsequence of the insistence of theConstitutional Court has come to an end with the addition of the provision made with thexiispecial law contract provided that the services were foreseen by law with the amendmentmade in article 47 of the Constitution in 1999. At the same time, through the amendmentsmade in article 125 of the Constitution and International Treaties it was ensured that anarbitration path was opened to disputes related to the agreements regarding the publicservices. Public services have thus been made available to private law persons throughprivate law contracts in addition to resolution of disputes arising from contracts beingpossible in judicial justice or arbitration. The change in the understanding of publicservice and in contracts related to the provision of public services had implications on thepeople who benefit from the service as well as on the legal system.
With the influence of neoliberalism, the position of states in production and inthe market has changed, and the state, which provides the service with its own tools,equipment and personnel in classical public service model, has gradually been replacedby the regulatory and supervisory state. Opening of public service areas to private lawpersons through privatization in the form of transfer of ownership or through unilateraltransactions and contracts, such as licences, provision of the services by private lawpersons under the supervision and control of the administration has been made possible.The main subject of this thesis is concerned with the impact of the change in theunderstanding of public service on the contracts regarding the public services performedby private law persons under the supervision of the administration. Contracts between theadministration and private law persons can be administrative contracts as well as privatelaw contracts. The annulment of the laws stipulating that the public services may not berendered by the private law contract as a ceonsequence of the insistence of theConstitutional Court has come to an end with the addition of the provision made with thexiispecial law contract provided that the services were foreseen by law with the amendmentmade in article 47 of the Constitution in 1999. At the same time, through the amendmentsmade in article 125 of the Constitution and International Treaties it was ensured that anarbitration path was opened to disputes related to the agreements regarding the publicservices. Public services have thus been made available to private law persons throughprivate law contracts in addition to resolution of disputes arising from contracts beingpossible in judicial justice or arbitration. The change in the understanding of publicservice and in contracts related to the provision of public services had implications on thepeople who benefit from the service as well as on the legal system.