Publication: Tibet halılarının desen yapısı ve Anadolu halılarındaki uzantıları
Abstract
TİBET HALILARININ DESEN YAPISI VE ANADOLU HALILARINDAKİ UZANTILARI Bu çalışmada, Tibet Halılarının yapısı, desen ve teknik açısıdan incelenerek Türk halıları ile olan benzerlikleri araştırılmıştır. Bu benzerlikler, iki kültür arasındaki ilişkilerin ışığında ele alınmış, her iki toplumun Orta Asya kökenli oluşu ve göçebe bir yaşam geleneğinden beslenmesi, aralarındaki etkileşimi görünür kılmıştır. Tibet halıları, Çin halıları ile bazen ayırt edilemeyecek oranda birbirlerine benzerler. Düğüm tekniği ile farklılaşan halılarda ortak desenler oldukça fazladır. Ancak Tibet halıları parlak renkleri ile öne çıkarak farklı bir halı grubunu oluştururlar. Geometrik, bitkisel ve hayvansal motiflerle süslenen halılarda zemin bazen tamamen boş bırakılır ve desensiz, sade bir görüntü alır. Çalışmada örneklerle gösterilen desenlerin, farklı kullanım şekilleri ile karşımıza çıkan Tibet halılarında nasıl kullanıldıkları da incelenmiştir. Tibet halı desenlerinin Anadolu halılarındaki yansımalarına incelendiğinde, şekil olarak farklılıklar gösterse de, anlam ve isim açısından ortaklıklarla karşılaşılmıştır. Bunlar, Türklerin eski inançları ile bağlantılı ejderha, hayat ağacı , bulut ve lotus motifleri ile kaplan postu çıkışlı çintemani olarak açıklanabilir. Özellikle post desenli seccadelerle kaplanlı Tibet halılarında kullanılan stilize edilmiş kaplan beneğinin benzerliği oldukça dikkat çekicidir. Desen benzerliklerinin yanı sıra kullanım şekilleri arasında da bağlantılar kurulmuş, ortaya çıkan benzerlikler örneklerle gösterilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; Tibet Platosu’ndan Anadolu’ya, İpek Yolu ‘nun da yön verdiği bir takım kültür yolları açılmış, bu yollardan geçen simge ve anlamlar Anadolu topraklarında dokunan halılara yansıyarak bugün üzerinde durabileceğimiz motif ortaklıklarına sebep olmuştur.
THE DESIGN STRUCTURE OF TIBETAN CARPETS AND RELATIONS WITH ANATOLIAN CARPETS In this study, the similarities of Tibetan and Turkish carpets have been researched by analyzing the structure of Tibetan carpets in terms of design and technical specifications. These similarities have been discussed in consideration of the relations between two cultures, Middle Asia origin and nomadic traditions of both of them has brought the interaction and connection with each other into view. Tibetan and Chinese carpets sometimes resemble each other in an indistinguishable way. These carpets differentiated by the technic of knotting have several common designs. But Tibetan carpets are classified apart from Chinese carpets by their remarkable shiny colours. The ground of Tibetan carpets is usually filled with geometrical, floral and figurative motifs but sometimes left plain. How these motifs are placed on Tibetan carpets with several usages has been also examined in this study. By analyzing the reflections of Tibetan designs on Anatolian carpets, common motifs in terms of meaning and name have been found however in different forms. These can be clarified as dragon, tree of life, cloud, lotus flower and çintemani inspired by tiger skin motifs related with former beliefs of Turkish society. It is especially remarkable that Anatolian prayer rugs with tiger skin and Tibetan tiger rugs are similar. Besides the similarities of design structure, common ways of using carpets have been also shown. As a result; there have been some ways as Silk Road that carried the culture from Tibetan Plateau to Anatolia and they caused these common designs and motifs reflected on Anatolian carpets that I researched about.
THE DESIGN STRUCTURE OF TIBETAN CARPETS AND RELATIONS WITH ANATOLIAN CARPETS In this study, the similarities of Tibetan and Turkish carpets have been researched by analyzing the structure of Tibetan carpets in terms of design and technical specifications. These similarities have been discussed in consideration of the relations between two cultures, Middle Asia origin and nomadic traditions of both of them has brought the interaction and connection with each other into view. Tibetan and Chinese carpets sometimes resemble each other in an indistinguishable way. These carpets differentiated by the technic of knotting have several common designs. But Tibetan carpets are classified apart from Chinese carpets by their remarkable shiny colours. The ground of Tibetan carpets is usually filled with geometrical, floral and figurative motifs but sometimes left plain. How these motifs are placed on Tibetan carpets with several usages has been also examined in this study. By analyzing the reflections of Tibetan designs on Anatolian carpets, common motifs in terms of meaning and name have been found however in different forms. These can be clarified as dragon, tree of life, cloud, lotus flower and çintemani inspired by tiger skin motifs related with former beliefs of Turkish society. It is especially remarkable that Anatolian prayer rugs with tiger skin and Tibetan tiger rugs are similar. Besides the similarities of design structure, common ways of using carpets have been also shown. As a result; there have been some ways as Silk Road that carried the culture from Tibetan Plateau to Anatolia and they caused these common designs and motifs reflected on Anatolian carpets that I researched about.