Publication: İbn Cinnî’de Kur’an fonetiği ve kurucu tecvid ulemasına etkileri
Abstract
İbn Cinnî’de Kur’an fonetiği ve kurucu tecvid ulemasına etkileri Bu çalışma Hicrî IV. asrın önde gelen dil bilimcilerinden biri olan İbn Cinnî’nin Kur’an fonetiği görüşlerini ortaya koymayı ve bu görüşlerin tecvîd ilminin kurucusu addedilen Mekkî b. Ebî Tâlib, Ebû Amr ed-Dânî ve Abdulvehhâb el-Kurtubî’nin eserleri üzerindeki etkilerini tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın ilk bölümünde fonetik alanında öncü bir isim olan İbn Cinnî’nin “Sırru sınâ‘ati’l-i‘râb” ve “el-Hasâis” adlı eserleri temel alınarak kendisinin sesin mahiyeti ve harfe dönüşümü, harfin mahreç ve sıfatları gibi temel fonetik kavramları ele alışı ve bu konulardaki özgün katkıları incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümdeyse kurucu tecvîd ulemâsının “er-Ri‘âye li tecvîdi’l-kırâe” , “et-Tahdîd fi’l-itkân ve’t-tecvîd”, “el-Mûdih fi’t-tecvîd” gibi temel eserleri üzerinde mukayeseli bir yöntemle İbn Cinnî’nin fonetik anlayışı ve tespitlerinin ne ölçüde etkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Tezde uygulanan yöntem İbn Cinnî’nin “Sırru sınâ‘ati’l-i‘râb” ve “el-Hasâis” eserleri temel alınarak, ses olgusu, harflerin mahreçleri ve sıfatları ile hareke, sükûn ve med gibi kavramların tecvîd âlimlerinin eserleriyle karşılaştırılarak döküman analizi olarak tercih edilmiştir. Bulgular, İbn Cinnî’nin Arapça seslerin mahiyetini doğrudan konu edinen müstakil bir disiplin olan “ilmü’l-esvât”ın öncü ismi olup müstakil bir ilim dalı haline getiren, Sîbeveyh'in mirasını geliştiren ve Abdulvehhâb el-Kurtubî başta olmak üzere tecvîd ulemâsı üzerinde derin etkiler bırakan ilmi bir kişi olduğunu göstermektedir. Özellikle Abdulvehhâb el-Kurtubî'nin, harfin tanımı, mahreç sıralaması ve sıfatların tasnifi gibi konularda İbn Cinnî'nin görüşlerini ve terminolojisini büyük ölçüde bire bir aktardığı fakat İbn Cinnî’den hiç bahsetmediği bilakis neredeyse her görüşünü Sîbeveyh’e dayandırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu tez, İbn Cinnî'nin tecvîd ilminin teorik altyapısına sağladığı katkıları vurgulamakta ve fonetik bilimine dair birikiminin sonraki âlimler üzerindeki izlerini ortaya koymaktadır.
Quran phonetics in Ibn Jınnī and its effects on the founding tajweed scholars This study aims to reveal the phonetic views of Ibn Jinnī, one of the prominent linguists of the 4th century AH, regarding the Qur’an, and to determine the influence of these views on the works of key figures considered the founders of the science of tajwīd, namely, Makkī b. Abī Ṭālib (d. 437/ 1045), Abū ‘Amr al-Dānī (d. 444/ 1052), and ‘Abd al-Wahhāb al-Qurṭubī (d. 461/ 1068). In the first part of the study, based on Ibn Jinnī’s work Sirr Ṣinā‘at al-I‘rāb, his pioneering role in the field of phonetics, his treatment of the nature of sound and its transformation into letters, the articulation points (makhārij) and characteristics (ṣifāt) of letters, and his original contributions to these fundamental phonetic concepts are examined. The second part employs a comparative method to assess the extent to which Ibn Jinnī’s phonetic approach and insights influenced the foundational works of the aforementioned tajwīd scholars, such as al-Ri‘āyah li-Tajwīd al-Qirāʾah, al-Taḥdīd fī al-Itqān wa al-Tajwīd, and al-Mūḍiḥ fī al-Tajwīd. The methodology of the thesis involves a comparative analysis of the phonetic phenomena—such as sound, articulation points, letter characteristics, vowelization, sukoon, and madd—as discussed in Ibn Jinnī’s Sirr Ṣinā‘at al-I‘rāb and in the works of the foundational tajwīd scholars. The findings demonstrate that Ibn Jinnī was a pioneering figure in the independent discipline of ‘ilm al-aṣwāt (phonetics), who further developed the legacy of Sībawayh and had a profound influence on later tajwīd scholars, particularly ‘Abd al-Wahhāb al-Qurṭubī. It was especially observed that al-Qurṭubī closely adopted Ibn Jinnī’s views and terminology—particularly in defining letters, ordering articulation points, and classifying phonetic characteristics—yet made no direct reference to him, instead attributing nearly all such views to Sībawayh. In conclusion, this thesis highlights Ibn Jinnī’s contributions to the theoretical foundations of the science of tajwīd and traces the influence of his phonetic legacy on subsequent scholars.
Quran phonetics in Ibn Jınnī and its effects on the founding tajweed scholars This study aims to reveal the phonetic views of Ibn Jinnī, one of the prominent linguists of the 4th century AH, regarding the Qur’an, and to determine the influence of these views on the works of key figures considered the founders of the science of tajwīd, namely, Makkī b. Abī Ṭālib (d. 437/ 1045), Abū ‘Amr al-Dānī (d. 444/ 1052), and ‘Abd al-Wahhāb al-Qurṭubī (d. 461/ 1068). In the first part of the study, based on Ibn Jinnī’s work Sirr Ṣinā‘at al-I‘rāb, his pioneering role in the field of phonetics, his treatment of the nature of sound and its transformation into letters, the articulation points (makhārij) and characteristics (ṣifāt) of letters, and his original contributions to these fundamental phonetic concepts are examined. The second part employs a comparative method to assess the extent to which Ibn Jinnī’s phonetic approach and insights influenced the foundational works of the aforementioned tajwīd scholars, such as al-Ri‘āyah li-Tajwīd al-Qirāʾah, al-Taḥdīd fī al-Itqān wa al-Tajwīd, and al-Mūḍiḥ fī al-Tajwīd. The methodology of the thesis involves a comparative analysis of the phonetic phenomena—such as sound, articulation points, letter characteristics, vowelization, sukoon, and madd—as discussed in Ibn Jinnī’s Sirr Ṣinā‘at al-I‘rāb and in the works of the foundational tajwīd scholars. The findings demonstrate that Ibn Jinnī was a pioneering figure in the independent discipline of ‘ilm al-aṣwāt (phonetics), who further developed the legacy of Sībawayh and had a profound influence on later tajwīd scholars, particularly ‘Abd al-Wahhāb al-Qurṭubī. It was especially observed that al-Qurṭubī closely adopted Ibn Jinnī’s views and terminology—particularly in defining letters, ordering articulation points, and classifying phonetic characteristics—yet made no direct reference to him, instead attributing nearly all such views to Sībawayh. In conclusion, this thesis highlights Ibn Jinnī’s contributions to the theoretical foundations of the science of tajwīd and traces the influence of his phonetic legacy on subsequent scholars.