Publication: Küresel vergi rekabeti : kurumlar vergisi üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir analiz
Abstract
KÜRESEL VERGİ REKABETİ: KURUMLAR VERGİSİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ Son yıllarda kurumlar vergisi politikaları, vergi rekabeti literatüründe üzerinde sıklıkla durulan önemli bir konu haline gelmiştir. Özellikle 1980 sonrası dönemde, dünya genelinde kurumlar vergisi açısından oran indirimlerinin hayata geçirildiği görülmektedir. Çalışmamızda, küreselleşmeye, kamu maliyesine ve vergilemeye ilişkin faktörlerin, kurumlar vergisi oranına etkileri incelenmektedir. Kurumlar vergisi oranının bağımlı değişken olarak ele alındığı panel veri analizi ile, 14 OECD ülkesinde, 1995-2009 döneminde, kurumlar vergisinin belirleyicileri 14 değişken çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmamızda, küreselleşmeye ilişkin faktörler olarak açıklık ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar değişkenleri ile kurumlar vergisi oranı arasında negatif ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Söz konusu bulgular, literatüre uygun şekilde, sermaye hareketlerindeki artış ve entegrasyon ile birlikte, kurumlar vergisi oranlarının düştüğünü ortaya koymaktadır. Buna ek olarak vergi rekabetinin, mal ve hizmetler üzerindeki vergileri arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak, bütçe açıkları ve kamu borç stoku, vergi rekabeti açısından iki kısıt olarak ele alınmış, her iki değişken ile kurumlar vergisi oranı arasında pozitif yönlü ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Her iki değişken için bulgular, finansman sorunları yaşayan ülkelerin, vergi rekabeti sürecine daha sınırlı şekilde dahil olduklarını ortaya koymaktadır.
GLOBAL TAX COMPETITION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON CORPORATE INCOME TAX In the last decades, state corporate income tax policy have been regularly discussed in tax policy and tax competition literature. Evidences prove that, since 1980, a striking worldwide decline in corporate taxes has occured. In this research, we investigate the role of factors about globalization, public finance and taxation on corporate income tax rates and corporate income tax competition. We take statutory corporate tax rate into account as dependent variable and investigate the effects of 14 independent variables as a determinants of corporate tax rate. For a panel data analysis of 14 OECD countries, 14 variables, for the period 1995-2009, we find that openness and foreign direct investment has indeed a negative and significant impact on corporate tax rate. The analysis leads to robust empirical evidence that increasing capital mobility results in a reduction in corporate tax rate. Main findings of our research about openness and foreign direct investent are strongly consistent wiht the tax competiton literature. Furthermore, tax competition tends to raise taxes on goods and services. Our findings consistent wiht the literature, as predicted in the literature, effects of tax competiton leads higher tax rates on goods and services,. Lastly, as constraints of tax competition, budget deficit and public debts also lead to an increase in corporate income tax rate and have positive effect on corporate income tax rate. Both budget deficit and public debt play a role as limitation of tax competition and countries wiht financing problems have to imply less competitive tax policies.
GLOBAL TAX COMPETITION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON CORPORATE INCOME TAX In the last decades, state corporate income tax policy have been regularly discussed in tax policy and tax competition literature. Evidences prove that, since 1980, a striking worldwide decline in corporate taxes has occured. In this research, we investigate the role of factors about globalization, public finance and taxation on corporate income tax rates and corporate income tax competition. We take statutory corporate tax rate into account as dependent variable and investigate the effects of 14 independent variables as a determinants of corporate tax rate. For a panel data analysis of 14 OECD countries, 14 variables, for the period 1995-2009, we find that openness and foreign direct investment has indeed a negative and significant impact on corporate tax rate. The analysis leads to robust empirical evidence that increasing capital mobility results in a reduction in corporate tax rate. Main findings of our research about openness and foreign direct investent are strongly consistent wiht the tax competiton literature. Furthermore, tax competition tends to raise taxes on goods and services. Our findings consistent wiht the literature, as predicted in the literature, effects of tax competiton leads higher tax rates on goods and services,. Lastly, as constraints of tax competition, budget deficit and public debts also lead to an increase in corporate income tax rate and have positive effect on corporate income tax rate. Both budget deficit and public debt play a role as limitation of tax competition and countries wiht financing problems have to imply less competitive tax policies.