Publication: Kamu İktisadi Teşebbüsleri ve Yap-İşlet-Devret modeli: uygulamada bir örnek Devlet Hava Meydanları İşletmesi Genel Müdürlüğü Tepe-Akfen-VİE ortak girişim şirketi
Abstract
Avrupa 'KİT' Merkezi'ne (CEEP) göre; mal ve hizmet üretmek için kurulmuş olan, mali olanaklarının yarıdan fazlası merkezi veya yerel kamu idareleri tarafından sağlanan veya işletme sonuçlarından bu idarelerin sorumlu bulunduğu ve bunlar tarafından denetlenen girişimler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Türkiye'de 'KİT'lerle ilgili ilk yasal düzenleme 1938 yılında yapılmıştır.1964 yılında ise iktisadi kurumlar hakkında 440 sayılı kanun ile geniş kapsamlı düzenleme yapılmıştır. 1994 yılında yapılan özelleştireme uygulamalarının düzenlenmesi ile bu kapsama alınan 'KİT'lerin özelleştirilmelerine hız verilmiştir. Ülkemizde sivil havacılık alanında ilk adım, 1911 yılında atılmıştır. İlk meydan işletmeciliği de bugünkü; Atatürk Havalimanı kuzey sınırında yer alan Sefaköy'deki meydanda başlamıştır. 20 Mayıs 1933 yılında Milli Savunma Başkanlığı'na bağlı Hava Yolları Devlet İşletmeleri kurulmuştur. 1955 yılında A.O. Genel Müdürlüğü'ne, hava meydanı işletmeciliği v e yer hizmetleri ile seyrüsefer, hava trafik kontrol hizmetleri, 1956 yılında Devlet Hava Meydanları İşletmesine devredilmiştir. Sonradan yapılan değişiklik ile 'DHHMİ', Devlet Hava Meydanları İşletmesi Genel Müdürlüğüne devredilmiştir. DHMİ, 1984 Yılında tüzel kişiliğe sahip faaliyetlerinde özerk yapısıyla çalışmalarına başlamıştır. DHMİ, 21 adedi uluslar arası seferlere açık olmak üzere, toplam 33 havalimanı ve alanının işletmesinden sorumludur. DHMİ 2001 verilerine göre 389 trilyon 566 milyar TL'lik karı ile ülkenin en iyi dördüncü kuruluşudur. Toplam 6 bin 741 personeliyle de hizmet vermektedir. Yap-işlet-devret modeli ile yatırım gerçekleştirme düşüncesi, 1980'li yılların ortalarında Türk ekonomisine yeni bir iş yaptırma yöntemi olarak, klasik ihalelerdeki gecikme ve belirsizlikleri ortadan kaldırmak amacıyla getirilmiştir. Yap-İşlet-Devret yatırım yöntemi ile Türkiye'deki bazı temel alt yapı tesislerinin kurulması konusunda önemli bir adımdır. Devlet ihale sistemi ile yürüyen süreç ülkemizde alışılmış bir mekanizmayı ifade etmektedir. 1996 yılında; 14 milyon yolcu kapasiteli Atatürk Hava Limanı Yeni Dış Hatlar ve Katlı Otopark Binası; 306 Milyon Dolara mal olmuştur. Proje kapsamında; işletme süresi içinde yolcu vergileri, havalimanı servis ücretleri, ofice kiraları v.b. ile elde edilecek kar karın paylaşımı öngörülmüştür.
Public Economic Enterprises are the enterprises which are established to produce goods and services and whose at best fifty percent of the fiscal entity is owned by the control or the local public administrations and whoser responsibility of operational results are held by those administrations. The first legal arrangement on 'PEE'S in Turkey was made in 1938. The second important arrangement about 'PEE's was made in 1964 by the 440th law. The concept of privatization first became actual early 1980s.In 1994 there were arrengment made for the implimentation of privatization. Turkey took its first major step in aviation in 1911. The firsy airport under its management was the Sefaköy airport to the north of today's Atatürk Airport. 1933, the state airlines administration attached to the Ministry of National Defence was opened. İn 1955, airlines administration was passed on to Turkish Airlines General Management, in 1956, the General Directorate of state Airports became responsible for airport management, ground services, air navigation and air traffic control. Bearning in mind that airport management had a supplementary budget status which resulted in a bottleneck, the state Aviation and Airports Administration General Management (DHHMİ) was established. The DHHMİ was transferred to the General Directorate of State Airports. The DHMİ became a legal entity in 1984. DHMİ aims to provide Turkey's airport with services and facilities of an international standard. İt's responsible for 33 airports and airfilds, 21 of which are open for international flights. At the end of 2001, the 'DHMİ' made a profit of 389 trillion 544 billion TL, making it one of the country's leading organisations. İt has 6,741 employers throughout the country. The classsical investment methods, based on usual tendering methods in mid-1980s, mostly ended up with delays and some of them had even resulted with the abandonment of the whole investment. Consequently, the idea of realization of investments with Built- Operate- Transfer model has entered the Turkish economy as an alternative model instead of the classical tendering methods, andinstandly accepted by also 'DHMİ' to be used in state-investment, in 1986, though not being widely applied yet. Within this framework, total realization time has been kept as short as possible beginning from the date of sign of the contract. The operation period after the construction process was taken as the main comparision criterion in the evaluation process. Moreover, in order to encorage the rapid construction, the time seved from the determined construction deadline was declared to be added to the total operation time of the terminal. State Railway and Seaports and Airports Construction Department, referred as DLH, has activetly contributed to the technical control of the construction. DHMİ, on the other hand, was itself in charge of the financial and administrative inspection of the process and constructional operations. Given the limited resorces within the existing airport authority and in response to market forces with its growing demand for efficiency, convenience and safety, DHMİ embraced privatization as means of outsourcing the funding, design, construction and operation of the new 14 million passenger International Terminal and Multi-Storey Car Park at the İstanbul Atatürk Airport. TAV was awarded the Built-Operate-Transfer contract in 1997 for an operation period of 3 years, the 306 million dollars investment for the design and construction is to be offset by the revenue generated during the operation period from passenger taxes, airline services, office revenues profit sharing from retailers and food outlets and from the car park.
Public Economic Enterprises are the enterprises which are established to produce goods and services and whose at best fifty percent of the fiscal entity is owned by the control or the local public administrations and whoser responsibility of operational results are held by those administrations. The first legal arrangement on 'PEE'S in Turkey was made in 1938. The second important arrangement about 'PEE's was made in 1964 by the 440th law. The concept of privatization first became actual early 1980s.In 1994 there were arrengment made for the implimentation of privatization. Turkey took its first major step in aviation in 1911. The firsy airport under its management was the Sefaköy airport to the north of today's Atatürk Airport. 1933, the state airlines administration attached to the Ministry of National Defence was opened. İn 1955, airlines administration was passed on to Turkish Airlines General Management, in 1956, the General Directorate of state Airports became responsible for airport management, ground services, air navigation and air traffic control. Bearning in mind that airport management had a supplementary budget status which resulted in a bottleneck, the state Aviation and Airports Administration General Management (DHHMİ) was established. The DHHMİ was transferred to the General Directorate of State Airports. The DHMİ became a legal entity in 1984. DHMİ aims to provide Turkey's airport with services and facilities of an international standard. İt's responsible for 33 airports and airfilds, 21 of which are open for international flights. At the end of 2001, the 'DHMİ' made a profit of 389 trillion 544 billion TL, making it one of the country's leading organisations. İt has 6,741 employers throughout the country. The classsical investment methods, based on usual tendering methods in mid-1980s, mostly ended up with delays and some of them had even resulted with the abandonment of the whole investment. Consequently, the idea of realization of investments with Built- Operate- Transfer model has entered the Turkish economy as an alternative model instead of the classical tendering methods, andinstandly accepted by also 'DHMİ' to be used in state-investment, in 1986, though not being widely applied yet. Within this framework, total realization time has been kept as short as possible beginning from the date of sign of the contract. The operation period after the construction process was taken as the main comparision criterion in the evaluation process. Moreover, in order to encorage the rapid construction, the time seved from the determined construction deadline was declared to be added to the total operation time of the terminal. State Railway and Seaports and Airports Construction Department, referred as DLH, has activetly contributed to the technical control of the construction. DHMİ, on the other hand, was itself in charge of the financial and administrative inspection of the process and constructional operations. Given the limited resorces within the existing airport authority and in response to market forces with its growing demand for efficiency, convenience and safety, DHMİ embraced privatization as means of outsourcing the funding, design, construction and operation of the new 14 million passenger International Terminal and Multi-Storey Car Park at the İstanbul Atatürk Airport. TAV was awarded the Built-Operate-Transfer contract in 1997 for an operation period of 3 years, the 306 million dollars investment for the design and construction is to be offset by the revenue generated during the operation period from passenger taxes, airline services, office revenues profit sharing from retailers and food outlets and from the car park.