Publication: Türkiye’de seçili bankaların çevresel performanslarının finansal performansları üzerindeki etkisi
Abstract
Sürdürülebilir finans kavramı 20. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru birçok ülkenin gündemi haline gelmiştir. Sürdürülebilirliğin üç boyutundan biri olan çevresel boyut, ekonomideki kıt kaynaklarla faaliyetlerini uzun vadede etkin bir şekilde sürdürmek isteyen finansal aktörler için göz önünde bulundurulması gereken bir faktördür. Önemli finansal aktörler olarak bankalar, yenilenebilir enerji yatırım ve projelerini destekleyen şirketlere ve yatırımcılara sağladıkları finansmanla ve benimsedikleri çevresel politikalarla sürdürülebilir finansa katkıda bulunmaktadırlar. Türkiye’de son yıllarda yeşil bankacılık uygulamaları gelişmeye başlamıştır. Büyük şirketler tarafından gerçekleştirilen yenilenebilir enerji projeleri, uluslararası kurumlardan ve bankaların kendi portföylerinden sağlanan fonlarla düşük faiz oranlarıyla finanse edilmektedir. 2014 yılında oluşturulan BİST Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksinde, 2020 yılı itibariyle 7 banka yer almaktadır. Bankalar, faaliyetlerini sürdürürken harcadıkları doğal kaynak ve enerji miktarının ölçümünü yapmakta, tespit edilen verilere sürdürülebilirlik raporlarında yer vermekte ve tüketim miktarlarını azaltmaya çalışmaktadırlar. Bankalar, esas olarak kar amacı güderek kurulmuş şirketlerdir. Bu noktada, çevresel anlamda sürdürülebilir politika ve uygulamaların bankaların finansal performanslarının nasıl etkileyeceği önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren bankaların, sürdürülebilir finansın boyutlarından biri olan çevresel boyuta ilişkin performanslarının finansal performans göstergeleri üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Çevresel sürdürülebilirlik ve finansal performans arasındaki ilişkinin yönünün belirlenmesi, bankaların çevresel politikalarını şekillendirmesi açısından etkili olacaktır. Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren 5 bankanın 2015-2021 yılları arasındaki verileri çalışma kapsamına dahil edilmiştir. Seçilen bankaların yenilenebilir enerji projelerine sağladıkları kredilerin bankaların ROE ve ROA oranları üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda yeşil kredilerin ROA ve ROE üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Türk bankacılık sektöründe yeşil bankacılığın yeni bir kavram olması çıkan sonuç üzerinde etkili olmuştur. lebilirlik, çevresel sürdürülebilirlik, yeşil bankacılık, yeşil krediler, yenilenebilir enerji.
Notion of sustainable finance has became in agenda of many countries towards the end of 20. century. Environmental dimention, as one of the three dimention of sustainability, is a factor that must be considered by the firms and other financial actors which aim to maintain their activities in the long run by scarce resources. Banks, as important financial actors, are contributing sustainable finance by funding firms and investors supporting renewable energy investments and projects and by environmental policies they adopt. Recently, in Turkey, green banking applications have began to improve. Renwable energy projects maintained by big companies are funded via funds provided from internation institutions and banks’ their own portfolio with low interest rates. By 2020, 7 banks are included in BIST Sustainability Index that is establised in 2014. As an another implementation, banks are measuring the amount of consumption of natural reasources and energy they consume while performing their activities, they are reporting datas and trying to decrease consumption amounts. Fundamentally, banks are companies that is established for profit making. At this point, how environmental sustainable policies and implementations effect financial performances of banks become more of an issue. The aim of this study is to reveal effects of policies and tools of banks operating in Turkey, related with environmental dimension as a dimention of sustainable finance, on banks’ certain financial performance indicators. Determining the direction of the relation between environmental sustainability and financial performance will be influential for banks in terms of shaping their environmental policies. 2015-2021 datas of 5 banks, operating in Turkey, is included in the scope of study. Effect of renewable energy loans of those selected banks on banks’ ROA and ROE ratios was investigated. As a result of the study, no significant effect of green loans on ROA and ROE was found. The reason that in Turkey green banking is a new concept, is thought to be influential on the related result. Sustainability, environmental sustainability, green banking, green loans, renewable energy.
Notion of sustainable finance has became in agenda of many countries towards the end of 20. century. Environmental dimention, as one of the three dimention of sustainability, is a factor that must be considered by the firms and other financial actors which aim to maintain their activities in the long run by scarce resources. Banks, as important financial actors, are contributing sustainable finance by funding firms and investors supporting renewable energy investments and projects and by environmental policies they adopt. Recently, in Turkey, green banking applications have began to improve. Renwable energy projects maintained by big companies are funded via funds provided from internation institutions and banks’ their own portfolio with low interest rates. By 2020, 7 banks are included in BIST Sustainability Index that is establised in 2014. As an another implementation, banks are measuring the amount of consumption of natural reasources and energy they consume while performing their activities, they are reporting datas and trying to decrease consumption amounts. Fundamentally, banks are companies that is established for profit making. At this point, how environmental sustainable policies and implementations effect financial performances of banks become more of an issue. The aim of this study is to reveal effects of policies and tools of banks operating in Turkey, related with environmental dimension as a dimention of sustainable finance, on banks’ certain financial performance indicators. Determining the direction of the relation between environmental sustainability and financial performance will be influential for banks in terms of shaping their environmental policies. 2015-2021 datas of 5 banks, operating in Turkey, is included in the scope of study. Effect of renewable energy loans of those selected banks on banks’ ROA and ROE ratios was investigated. As a result of the study, no significant effect of green loans on ROA and ROE was found. The reason that in Turkey green banking is a new concept, is thought to be influential on the related result. Sustainability, environmental sustainability, green banking, green loans, renewable energy.