Publication: Kapitalist toplumsal ilişkiler ve sağlıklı olmanın ekonomi-politiği : Türkiye'de obezite örneği
Abstract
Günümüze hâkim olan kapitalist toplumsal ilişkiler sermaye birikim ereği üzerinde temellenir. Esasen temel bir hak olan insan sağlığı da bu erek üzerinden değerlendirilir ve inceleme konusu haline gelir. Bu çalışmada, dünyada ve Türkiye’de emek gücü ve tüketici olarak insan bedeninin şişmanlamasını, obezite için önerilen tedavi seçeneklerini ve önlenmesine yönelik uygulanan politikaları sermaye birikim koşullarının dönüşümüyle bağlantılandırarak eleştirel gerçekçi bir çerçevede çözümlüyorum. Bunu yaparken disiplinler arası bir bakış benimseyerek literatür taraması yapıyor ve ilgili kurumların raporlarını çalışmanın amacına yönelik eleştirel bir biçimde inceliyorum. Çalışmada, sermaye birikiminin devamlılığı temelinde uygulanan neoliberal politikalarla birlikte yaşanan dönüşümlerin obezite ile ilişkisini ortaya koyuyorum: Emek piyasalarındaki esnekleşme stres üzerinden, tarımdaki endüstriyelleşme kullanılan kimyasal ilaçların artmasıyla, gıda üretiminin endüstriyelleşmesi besin değeri düşük kalori değeri yüksek kimyasal katkılı ürünlerin üretilmesi ve yaygın perakende ağlarıyla tüketimlerinin artması üzerinden obezitenin artmasına sebep olmaktadır. Diğer yandan bu süreçte sağlık hizmetlerinin metalaşması ise sağlığın bireyselleşmesi paradigmasını güçlendirerek obezitenin toplumsal boyutlarıyla ele alınmasından uzaklaşılıp bireysel bir ‘hastalık’ olarak biyomedikal biliş çerçevesinde değerlendirilerek sermeye birikim koşullarını sekteye uğratmayacak tedaviler ve önlenmesine yönelik politikalar geliştirilmesine neden olmaktadır.
The capitalist social relations that dominate our day are based on the goal of capital accumulation. Health, which is essentially a fundamental human right, is also evaluated through this goal and becomes the subject of examination. In this study, by taking the human body as a labor force and consumer, I analyze obesity in a critical realist framework by linking the proposed treatment options for obesity and the policies applied for its prevention with the transformation of capital accumulation conditions in the world and in Turkey. In doing so, I conduct a literature review by adopting an interdisciplinary perspective and critically examine the reports of the relevant institutions for the purpose of the study. In the study, I reveal the relationship between obesity and the transformations experienced with the neoliberal policies implemented based on the continuity of capital accumulation. The flexibility in labor markets through stress, industrialization in agriculture through the increase of pesticides used, the industrialization of food production through the production of products with low nutritional value, and high caloric value and the increase in their consumption through widespread retail networks cause obesity to increase. On the other hand, the commodification of health services in this process strengthens the paradigm of individualization of health and causes obesity to be moved away from being handled with its social dimensions and to be evaluated within the framework of biomedical perspective as an individual 'disease' and to develop treatments and prevention policies that will not disrupt the conditions of capital accumulation.
The capitalist social relations that dominate our day are based on the goal of capital accumulation. Health, which is essentially a fundamental human right, is also evaluated through this goal and becomes the subject of examination. In this study, by taking the human body as a labor force and consumer, I analyze obesity in a critical realist framework by linking the proposed treatment options for obesity and the policies applied for its prevention with the transformation of capital accumulation conditions in the world and in Turkey. In doing so, I conduct a literature review by adopting an interdisciplinary perspective and critically examine the reports of the relevant institutions for the purpose of the study. In the study, I reveal the relationship between obesity and the transformations experienced with the neoliberal policies implemented based on the continuity of capital accumulation. The flexibility in labor markets through stress, industrialization in agriculture through the increase of pesticides used, the industrialization of food production through the production of products with low nutritional value, and high caloric value and the increase in their consumption through widespread retail networks cause obesity to increase. On the other hand, the commodification of health services in this process strengthens the paradigm of individualization of health and causes obesity to be moved away from being handled with its social dimensions and to be evaluated within the framework of biomedical perspective as an individual 'disease' and to develop treatments and prevention policies that will not disrupt the conditions of capital accumulation.
Description
Keywords
Being healthy, Body as consumer, Body as labor power, Capitalism, Critical approach, Eleştirel yaklaşım capitalist, Emek gücü olarak beden, Health aspects, Kapitalist üretim ilişkileri, Kapitalizm, Obesity, Obezite, Production relations, Sağlık yönleri, Sağlıklı olma, Social aspects, Sosyal yönleri, Tüketici olarak beden
