Publication: Uluslararası belgelerde ve Türk hukukunda dernek özgürlüğü
Abstract
Dernekler, geçmişte daha çok siyasal iktidar üzerinde etkiliyken günümüzde artık sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel anlamda da önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Derneklerin varlığının toplum içerisinde bu denli önem kazanması, gerek ulusal gerekse uluslararası alanda konuya verilen önemi de arttırmıştır. Bu nedenle çalışmamda önce dernek özgürlüğüne yer veren ululslararı belgelere yer verdim. Sonra İnsan hakları açısından önemli olan İnsan Hakları Avrupa Sözleşmesini, İnsan Hakları Avrupa Mahkemesi içtihatları çerçevesinde inceledim. Böylece hem anayasa ve kanunlarda, hem de demokratik bir toplumda dernek özgürlüğünün yerini belirlemeye çalıştım. Türkiye’de ise dernek hareketlerinin istikrarsız bir geçmişi olmasına rağmen, bu konuda Avrupa Birliğinin ilerleme raporları ve İHAM’ ın yaptırımlarının da etkisiyle son dönemde olumlu adımlar atılmaya başlamıştır. Bu anlamda yapılan en önemli değişiklik, 2004 yılında adeta bir yasaklar kanunu olan 2908 saylı Dernekler Kanunun yürürlükten kaldırılarak, yerine bugün hala yürürlükte olan 5253 sayılı Dernekler Kanununun çıkartılmış olmasıdır. Çalışmamda Türk Hukukunda derneklerin kuruluşuna ve faaliyetlerine getirilen yasaklar çerçevesinde eski Dernekler Kanunu ile yeni Dernekler Kanunu karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu konuda mevcut eksiklikler de ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
While associations previously had been active only in the realm of politics, today, they are becoming influential in social, economic and cultural domainsof life. As a result of the increasing effectiveness of associations in society, there is a growing interest in associations on both national and international levels. In this respect, I started my study with the analyses of the international documents including the right to freedom of association. I analyzed European Convention on Human Rights within a framework drawn by the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). In this way, I tried to define the place of freedom of association in a democratic society as it is revealed by the codes and constitutions. In Turkey, despite the inconsistent history of associational activities, recently, as a result of the EU progress reports and ECHR sanctions, positive steps are being taken. The most significant reform effort has been the repeal of the association law (2908) in 2004, which was almost a restraining law; and the adoption of a new law on associations (5253). My study includes the comparison of the old and new associations laws in terms of the restraints brought to the organizational and associational activities. Finally my study puts forth the weaknesses and deficiencies of the current law with respect to the international norms and reform efforts to promote a more enabling legislation and democratization.
While associations previously had been active only in the realm of politics, today, they are becoming influential in social, economic and cultural domainsof life. As a result of the increasing effectiveness of associations in society, there is a growing interest in associations on both national and international levels. In this respect, I started my study with the analyses of the international documents including the right to freedom of association. I analyzed European Convention on Human Rights within a framework drawn by the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). In this way, I tried to define the place of freedom of association in a democratic society as it is revealed by the codes and constitutions. In Turkey, despite the inconsistent history of associational activities, recently, as a result of the EU progress reports and ECHR sanctions, positive steps are being taken. The most significant reform effort has been the repeal of the association law (2908) in 2004, which was almost a restraining law; and the adoption of a new law on associations (5253). My study includes the comparison of the old and new associations laws in terms of the restraints brought to the organizational and associational activities. Finally my study puts forth the weaknesses and deficiencies of the current law with respect to the international norms and reform efforts to promote a more enabling legislation and democratization.