Publication: Kur’an-ı Kerim’de kibrin iman hayatına olumsuz etkisi
Abstract
TEZİN ÖZETİ: Kur’an-ı Ker’im’de kibir ve onun imanla olan ilişkisinin incelendiği Kur’ an-ı Ker’im’de Kibrin Îmân Hayatına Olumsuz Etkisi adlı bu çalışmadan anla-şıldığına göre; kibir, insanın kendi nefsinden başkasını görmediği, kendini üs-tün tutup başkalarından daha büyük saydığı bir tutumdur. Kibrin en ileri nokta- sı ise; Allah’ın varlığını kabul etmekten, O’na ibadetten ve boyun eğmekten kaçınarak, büyüklenmektir. Bu sebeple, Kur’ân’da büyüklenmek şiddetle yeril-miş ve kâfirlerin ayırt edici bir özeliği olarak ortaya konulmuştur. Tekebbür, is-tikbâr, tecebbür, fahr, ‘ulüv vb. kelimelerle ifade edilen enaniyetin kötü sayılma-sı, Allah’a mahsus olan bir özelliğe sahip olma davasının güdülmesinden do-layıdır. Zira, Kur’an-ı Ker’im’de büyüklük sadeceYüceAllah’a tahsis edilmiştir. Aynı şekilde hadislerde de hem kibrin haram olan kötü huylardan birisi oldu-ğu ifade edilmekte; hem de kibirli insanlar kötülenmektedir. Kibir nefsin entrikası ve insanın iyi eğitilmeyişinin bir sonucu olarak zamanla oluşmaktadır. İblis ve onun yolundan gidenler, kibirlenmek suretiyle bu konuda Allah’ la çekişmiş sayılmaktadırlar. Yücelik ifade eden tekebbür kavramı, Allah için övgü ifadesi olarak ortaya konmuş, O’nun dışındakiler içinse yergi ifadesi o-larak kullanılmıştır. Kibre götüren sebeplerden Kur’an-ı Ker’im’de en çok önemsenenleri zen-ginlik, güç ve makamdır. Kur’ân’a göre; bunlar insanı şımartarak kibirlenme- ye sevk etmektedirler. Bunların yanında; ilim, amel, nesep ve güzellik ayrıca baş- kaları tarafından övülmek gibi sebepler de insanların kibirlenmelerine yol aça- bilmektedir. Kur’an’da kibrin üç boyutunun olduğu söylenebilir. En fazla üzerinde durulan ve tehlikeli sayılan, Yüce Allah’a karşı gösterilenidir. Tarih boyunca O’nun varlığını inkâr eden veya şirk koşanların kibri bu tür bir kibirdir. Kib- rin ikinci derecesi peygamberlere karşı olanıdır. Sözü edilen kibrin bu iki çeşidi inkârın doğrudan sebebidir. Kur’an’da, imana “olumsuz etkide bulunan bir faktör” olarak ortaya koyulan kibir daha çok onun bu iki çeşididir. Kur’an-ı Kerim’de kibir; şirk, inkâr ve nifakın doğrudan sebebi sayılmış-tır. Tarih boyunca inkarcıların Allah’a ve elçilerine karşı çıkışlarının en önemli sebebi olarak sahip oldukları tekebbür vasfı ileri sürülmüştür. Kibrin diğer bir boyutu, insanlara karşı gösterilenidir. Bu onun inanç açı-sından çok, ahlakla ilgili kısmıdır.
From this study, which discusses the arrogance and its relation with faith in the Holy Koran and which is named as “The Negative Effect of Arrogance on the Faith Life”, it is understood that arrogance is an attitude in which the person does not see anything other than his own “self” and thinks himself better than anyone else. The highest point of this attitude is to glorify one’s self, avoiding the belief in the existence of Allah and evading worship and being in submission to Allah. For this reason, glorifying one’s self is severely criticized in Koran and stated as a distinguishing feature of the infidels (kafirs). Expressed with the words tekebbür (haughtiness), istikbar (self-conceit), tecebbür (?), fahr(boasting), ’ulüv(grandeur) ...etc., arrogance is considered “bad” because of the intention of having a characteristic which is peculiar to Allah; for in the Holy Koran, greatness is assigned only to Allah. Moreover, in Mohammed’s traditions (hadis), arrogance is stated as one of the bad characters and a great sin, and arrogant people are discredited. Arrogance comes into existence in the course of time as a result of self’s intrigue and ignorance of human. Satan and the ones following him are considered to be in dispute with Allah as they go on arrogance. The concept of tekebbür, which means greatness, is stated as a praise for Allah and used as a disparagement for the rest. There are a lot of reasons driving human arrogance. Wealth, power and high-position are the most important ones. According to Koran, these things spoil people and lead them to arrogance. Also, knowledge, deed, genealogy and beauty as well as being praised by others may cause arrogance. It can be said that there are three dimensions of arrogance in Koran. The most mentioned and the most dangerous one is towards the Supreme Allah. Through the history, there have been people that are polytheist and deny the existence of Allah, whose arrogance match with the first type. The second type is the one towards prophets. First two types of arrogance mentioned above are the direct cause of repudiation and they are often stated as “a factor which has a negative effect”. In Koran, arrogance is accepted as a direct cause of polytheism, repudiation and duplicity. It is told that through the history, the most important reason for why the infidels rejected Allah and Allah’s envoys was the arrogant character they had. Another dimension of arrogance is the one showed towards people. It is more related to morality rather than to faith.
From this study, which discusses the arrogance and its relation with faith in the Holy Koran and which is named as “The Negative Effect of Arrogance on the Faith Life”, it is understood that arrogance is an attitude in which the person does not see anything other than his own “self” and thinks himself better than anyone else. The highest point of this attitude is to glorify one’s self, avoiding the belief in the existence of Allah and evading worship and being in submission to Allah. For this reason, glorifying one’s self is severely criticized in Koran and stated as a distinguishing feature of the infidels (kafirs). Expressed with the words tekebbür (haughtiness), istikbar (self-conceit), tecebbür (?), fahr(boasting), ’ulüv(grandeur) ...etc., arrogance is considered “bad” because of the intention of having a characteristic which is peculiar to Allah; for in the Holy Koran, greatness is assigned only to Allah. Moreover, in Mohammed’s traditions (hadis), arrogance is stated as one of the bad characters and a great sin, and arrogant people are discredited. Arrogance comes into existence in the course of time as a result of self’s intrigue and ignorance of human. Satan and the ones following him are considered to be in dispute with Allah as they go on arrogance. The concept of tekebbür, which means greatness, is stated as a praise for Allah and used as a disparagement for the rest. There are a lot of reasons driving human arrogance. Wealth, power and high-position are the most important ones. According to Koran, these things spoil people and lead them to arrogance. Also, knowledge, deed, genealogy and beauty as well as being praised by others may cause arrogance. It can be said that there are three dimensions of arrogance in Koran. The most mentioned and the most dangerous one is towards the Supreme Allah. Through the history, there have been people that are polytheist and deny the existence of Allah, whose arrogance match with the first type. The second type is the one towards prophets. First two types of arrogance mentioned above are the direct cause of repudiation and they are often stated as “a factor which has a negative effect”. In Koran, arrogance is accepted as a direct cause of polytheism, repudiation and duplicity. It is told that through the history, the most important reason for why the infidels rejected Allah and Allah’s envoys was the arrogant character they had. Another dimension of arrogance is the one showed towards people. It is more related to morality rather than to faith.