Azerbaycan’da milli kimliğin oluşumunda dinin rolü

Abstract

Bu calis.mamizda Azerbaycan orneginde milli kimlik problemi ve temel ozelliklerini konu alarak, milli kimlik, dini kimlik, kiiltiir ve etniklik kavramlanm inceledik. Azerbaycan'da milli kimlige etki eden faktorler icinde dil ve din fenomenini arastirdik. Konuyu XIX. yiizyilm sonu ve giiniimiiz zaman diliminde simrlamamizm amaci, milli kimlik probleminin bu donemlerde daha acik bir sekilde ortaya cikmasi ve giincel olmasidir. Qar donemi Azerbaycan'mda milliyetci goru§lu aydmlar, Tiirkciiliik idealleri ile birlikte ummet ve millet problemini de tartisilmistir. Sovyet donemi komunist rejiminde baski altmda olan halk milli ve dini degerlere sahip gikma potansiyelini kiiltiirel boyutta devam ettirmistir. Komunist rejimin anti-din politikasma kar§ilik dinin, kiiltiir icinde ya§anmasi ve kiiltiirel kimlige dini kimligin yerle§mesi saglanmi§tir. Millet ve din kavramlarimn igeriginin Sovyet ideolojisine gore tammlanmasi, sosyal gergege uymamasi ile birlikte, toplumsal hayattan tamamen di§lanamami§tir. Bunu bagimsizliktan sonraki sosyolojik arastirmalarda gordiik. 70 yillik bir donemde Sovyet kimligT'nin empoze edilmesine ragmen, toplumsal tepki olarak, milli ve dini kimliklerini farkli boyutlarda yasatmi§ olmalari, Tiirk ve Islam fenomenlerinin sosyal bir gercegidir. Bugiin Azerbaycan'da milli kimlik ve din probleminin giincelligini korumasimn asil nedeni, sekiilerizm ve kiireselle§me siirecinin getirmis oldugu populer kiiltiirdiir. Qiinkii bugiin sekiilerizm ve kiiresellesme problemi, Sovyet ideolojisinin milli ve dini kimlige karsi olan tehlikesinden daha sinsidir. Bu konuda onermis oldugumuz metot, milli egitimdir.

In this thesis we studied the question of national identity in the case of Azerbaijan. We gave emphasis on the understating of national, religious and cultural identities. We tried to examine the factors like language and religion that influence the construction process of national identity. We confined our research to from the late 19th century to the present time because the construction of national identity appeared to be a social problem in that period. In that period, the Tsar era, the majority of Azerbaijani nationalist intellectuals discussed especially the problems of Ummah (ummet) and nation (millet) issues. Azerbaijani people have maintained their religious and national values in cultural dimension in the Soviet Socialist administration. Religion and national identity have survived in cultural forms in the Communist regime which its main policy was anti-religion. The content of nation and religion had not been isolated from the public and social life in spite of the Socialist cultural policies which were anti-religion and nation. We realised this social phenomenon in the social scientific studies in the post-soviet era. The popularity of religion and national identity that are stil lively debated is due to the consequences of secularism and modernity that Azerbaijani people have gone through. We argue that the impacts of secularism and modernity on religious and national identity are more sneaky than the Soviet ideology which was more clear. In the thesis, we maintained that the state national educational policies are more appropriate and relevant in the construction of Azerbaijani national identity.