Publication: Üniversiteden işe geçiş sürecinde kariyer yetkinliğini, kariyer iyimserliğini ve uyumunu geliştirmeye yönelik bir eylem araştırması
Abstract
Bu araştırmanın amacı, mezuniyeti yaklaşmış üniversite üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinde kariyer yetkinliğini, iyimserliğini ve uyumunu geliştirmek için bir eylem planı hazırlamak ve uygulamaktır. Çalışmada üniversite öğrencilerinin işe geçiş sürecinde ihtiyaçlarını analiz etmek ve bu doğrultuda bir program oluşturmak için eylem araştırması deseni kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda araştırmanın ilk aşamasında ihtiyaç analizi yapmak ve programın içeriğinin oluşturulmasına alt yapı sağlamak için mühendislik fakültesi elektrik-elektronik mühendisliği, bilgisayar mühendisliği, endüstri mühendisliği ve makine mühendisliğinde okuyan üçüncü sınıf ve son sınıf üniversite öğrencilerinden, bu dört bölümden mezun olan mühendislerin yoğun olarak çalıştıkları firmalarda hizmet veren insan kaynakları uzmanlarından ve üniversitelerin Kariyer Merkezlerine bağlı hizmet veren kariyer danışmanları/ temsilcilerinden oluşan otuz iki kişi ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerde elde edilen veriler tematik analize tabi tutulmuş ve bu süreçte MAXQDA 2020 programından yararlanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda üç ana temaya ulaşılmıştır: Öğrencilerin kariyer hayatlarında yaşadıkları sorunlar, iş hayatına geçişi kolaylaştırıcı faktörler ve kariyer programına ilişkin öneriler. Öğrencilerin kariyer hayatlarında yaşadıkları sorunlar temasına bağlı alt temalar; kariyer planlamada yaşanılan zorluklar, gelecek kaygısı yaşama ile ilgili sorunlar ve saha tecrübesi eksikliği ile ilgili sorunlar olarak belirlenmiştir. İş hayatına geçişi kolaylaştırıcı faktörler temasına bağlı alt temalar; kariyer yetkinliklerinin geliştirilmesi, kariyer uyumunu sağlayan faktörler ve kariyer iyimserliğini sağlayan faktörler olarak kararlaştırılmıştır. Son olarak kariyer programına ilişkin önerilere bağlı alt temalar ise; kariyer psikolojik danışmanı tarafından yapılabilecek etkinlikler ve sahaya dönük etkinlikler olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında Akkermans, Brenninkmeijer, Huibers ve Blonk tarafından geliştirilmiş Kariyer Yetkinliği Ölçeği Türkçe’ye uyarlanmıştır. Uyarlama çalışmaları kapsamında dilsel eşdeğerlik, ölçüt geçerliği, yapı geçerliği ve güvenirliği tespit etmeye yönelik analizler yapılmıştır. Analizler için SPSS AMOS kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın son aşamasında ise yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler ve literatür taramasından yola çıkarak işe geçiş sürecinde kariyer yetkinliği, iyimserliği ve uyumunu geliştirmeye yönelik bir kariyer hazırlanmış ve on bir üniversite öğrencisine sekiz oturum olacak şekilde uygulanmıştır. Geliştirilen programın etkisinin incelenmesinde Kariyer Uyumu ve İyimserliği Ölçeği ile araştırmacı tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan Kariyer Yetkinliği Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Program ölçeklerden düşük puan alan öğrencilere yönelik uygulanmıştır. Programın etkililiğinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik yapılan analizler için SPSS 29.0 kullanılarak eşleştirilmiş gruplar t test yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları programın üniversite üçüncü ve son sınıf öğrencilerinin işe geçiş sürecinde ihtiyaç duydukları kariyer yetkinliğini, kariyer uyumunu ve iyimserliğini geliştirmelerine yardımcı olduğunu göstermektedir.
The purpose of this study is to develop and implement an action plan to improve career competence, optimism and adaptability in third and fourth year university students nearing graduation. In the study, action research design was used to analyze the needs of university students in the transition to work and to create a program in this direction. In this context, in the first stage of the research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with third-year and senior university students studying electrical-electronics engineering, computer engineering, industrial engineering and mechanical engineering at the engineering faculty, human resources specialists serving in companies where engineers graduating from these four departments work intensively, and career counselors/ representatives serving under the Career Centers of universities in order to conduct a needs analysis and to provide infrastructure for the creation of the content of the program. The data obtained from the semi-structured interviews were subjected to thematic analysis and the MAXQDA 2020 program was used in this process. As a result of the analysis, three main themes were reached: Problems experienced by students in their career lives, factors facilitating the transition to business life and suggestions regarding the career program. The sub-themes related to the theme of problems experienced by students in their career life were determined as difficulties in career planning, problems related to experiencing future anxiety and problems related to lack of field experience. The sub-themes related to the theme of factors that facilitate the transition to business life were determined as the development of career competencies, factors that provide career adaptation and factors that provide career optimism. Finally, the sub-themes related to the suggestions for the career program were determined as activities that can be done by the career counselor and field-oriented activities. In the second stage of the study, the Career Competence Scale developed by Akkermans, Brenninkmeijer, Huibers, and Blonk (2013a) was adapted into Turkish. Within the scope of adaptation studies, analyzes were conducted to determine linguistic equivalence, criterion validity, construct validity and reliability. SPSS AMOS program was used for the analyses. In the last stage of the study, a career program to improve career competence, optimism and adaptability in the transition to work was prepared based on semi-structured interviews and literature review and applied to eleven university students in eight sessions. The Career Adaptability and Optimism Scale (Zorver & Owen, 2014) and the Career Competence Scale (Akkermans et al., 2013a) adapted into Turkish by the researcher were used to examine the effect of the developed program. The program was implemented for students with low scores on the scales. Paired sample t-test was conducted using SPSS 29.0 program for the analyses conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. The results of the analysis show that the program helps third and final year university students to develop career competence, career adaptability and optimism that they need in the transition to work.
The purpose of this study is to develop and implement an action plan to improve career competence, optimism and adaptability in third and fourth year university students nearing graduation. In the study, action research design was used to analyze the needs of university students in the transition to work and to create a program in this direction. In this context, in the first stage of the research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with third-year and senior university students studying electrical-electronics engineering, computer engineering, industrial engineering and mechanical engineering at the engineering faculty, human resources specialists serving in companies where engineers graduating from these four departments work intensively, and career counselors/ representatives serving under the Career Centers of universities in order to conduct a needs analysis and to provide infrastructure for the creation of the content of the program. The data obtained from the semi-structured interviews were subjected to thematic analysis and the MAXQDA 2020 program was used in this process. As a result of the analysis, three main themes were reached: Problems experienced by students in their career lives, factors facilitating the transition to business life and suggestions regarding the career program. The sub-themes related to the theme of problems experienced by students in their career life were determined as difficulties in career planning, problems related to experiencing future anxiety and problems related to lack of field experience. The sub-themes related to the theme of factors that facilitate the transition to business life were determined as the development of career competencies, factors that provide career adaptation and factors that provide career optimism. Finally, the sub-themes related to the suggestions for the career program were determined as activities that can be done by the career counselor and field-oriented activities. In the second stage of the study, the Career Competence Scale developed by Akkermans, Brenninkmeijer, Huibers, and Blonk (2013a) was adapted into Turkish. Within the scope of adaptation studies, analyzes were conducted to determine linguistic equivalence, criterion validity, construct validity and reliability. SPSS AMOS program was used for the analyses. In the last stage of the study, a career program to improve career competence, optimism and adaptability in the transition to work was prepared based on semi-structured interviews and literature review and applied to eleven university students in eight sessions. The Career Adaptability and Optimism Scale (Zorver & Owen, 2014) and the Career Competence Scale (Akkermans et al., 2013a) adapted into Turkish by the researcher were used to examine the effect of the developed program. The program was implemented for students with low scores on the scales. Paired sample t-test was conducted using SPSS 29.0 program for the analyses conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. The results of the analysis show that the program helps third and final year university students to develop career competence, career adaptability and optimism that they need in the transition to work.