Publication: Joint Venture sözleşmesi
Abstract
Joint venturelar Amerikan şirketlerince uluslararası ticarete sokulmuş ve gelişmiş ülkelerden gelişmemiş ülkelere bir teknoloji transferi şeklinde kendini göstermiştir. Joint venture sözleşmesinin kuruluşundaki kolaylık ve kurallarındaki esneklik her ilişkiye kolayca adapte olması bu sözleşmenin Amerika dışındaki diğer ülkelerde de benimsenmesine neden olmuştur. Bugün joint venture modeli iki şekilde oluşturulmaktadır. Bunlardan birincisi salt sözleşmeye dayalı joint venturedır ki burada, isminden de anlaşıldığı gibi, tüzel kişiliği bulunmayan sadece sözleşmeye dayalı bir ilişki çerçevesinde amaca ulaşılmak hedeflenir. Bu tür joint venturelar sürekli olmayan ve kısa süreli bir ortaklığa gerek duyulan yatırımlarda tercih edilmektedirler. İkincisi ise, sermayeye katılmalı joint venturedır. Burada taraflar bir ticaret şirketi kurarak işlemleri bu şirket aracılığıyla yürütürler. Joint venture ilişkisinde taraflar hangi yolu seçerlerse seçsinler sonuçta ilişkileri bir sözleşme ile kurulur ve bu sözleşme joint venture sözleşmesidir. Bu çalışmada biz joint venture sözleşmesini incelemiş bulunmaktayız. Joint venture sözleşmesi ile iki veya daha fazla yatırımcı tek başlarına üstlenmeye cesaret edemedikleri yatırımları birlikte üstlenmekte böylece maliyet, sorumluluk, risk gibi faktörler bölüşülmekte veya her bir ortak diğerinin eksik olduğu bilgi ve teknoloji gibi konularda onu desteklemektedir. Bugün baraj yapımı, köprü yapımı gibi önemli inşaat projeleri; maden arama petrol arama gibi çalışmalar, araştırma geliştirme faaliyetlerinde joint venturelara çok sık başvurulmaktadır. Ticaret hayatındaki bu yeni kavram ülkemizde de bugün sıkça adını duyurmaya başlamıştır. Mevzuatımızda, joint venturelar hakkında özel bir düzenlenme bulunmaması durumu zorlaştırmakta ve müessesesinin kendine özgü yapısından doğan uyuşmazlıklar tatminkar bir şekilde çözüme ulaştırılamamaktadır. Bugün joint venture sözleşmelerinin Borçlar Kanunumuzda adi şirket niteliğinde olduğu kabul edilmektedir ancak ilgili hükümler bir çok alanda joint venture sözleşmesinden kaynaklanan sorunlara çözüm getirmekten uzaktırlar.
Joint venture agreement finds its roots from Anlo-Amerikan law. Partees gather up their efforts and tools in order to realise a single undertaking with the aim of earing profit. The most frequently seen reasons for forming a joint venture are sharing the risk, cost and and liabilities in sunject undertaking. Due to joint venture agreement's simple structure in forming, managing and resolving this model of cooperation has been popular through out world. Joint ventures in the sense which the term is understood in business today, are legally a development of the period since Second World War. Since the end of Second World War the term joint venture has come into increasing use. The model was firstly used for technology transfer from rich and developed countries to poor and not developed countries. Broadly a joint venture can be organised in two ways: 1) a purely contractual joint venture and 2) a limited liability company. Where for tax or other reasons operation through a limited liability company is undesirable, there is naturally an interest in bringing about the same situation as nearly as possible on a contractual basis. Especially in Continental Europe countries like Germany, Switzerland, Belgium have suitable legal forms for contractual joint ventures . This project is related mostly with the purely contractual joint ventures and tries to give a legal definition. It is there for necessary to arrive a suitable definition and to investigate the ways of solving disputes arising from joint venture agreements. In Turkish legal system we do not have special laws for joint venture. However it is been unanimuisly, agreed to apply the articles of adi şirket (like partnership) to this agreement. However not all the articles of adi şirket in Code of Obligation is in harmony with the purpose and character of contractual joint venture. For this reason we think that contractual joint venture should be regulated by specific laws.
Joint venture agreement finds its roots from Anlo-Amerikan law. Partees gather up their efforts and tools in order to realise a single undertaking with the aim of earing profit. The most frequently seen reasons for forming a joint venture are sharing the risk, cost and and liabilities in sunject undertaking. Due to joint venture agreement's simple structure in forming, managing and resolving this model of cooperation has been popular through out world. Joint ventures in the sense which the term is understood in business today, are legally a development of the period since Second World War. Since the end of Second World War the term joint venture has come into increasing use. The model was firstly used for technology transfer from rich and developed countries to poor and not developed countries. Broadly a joint venture can be organised in two ways: 1) a purely contractual joint venture and 2) a limited liability company. Where for tax or other reasons operation through a limited liability company is undesirable, there is naturally an interest in bringing about the same situation as nearly as possible on a contractual basis. Especially in Continental Europe countries like Germany, Switzerland, Belgium have suitable legal forms for contractual joint ventures . This project is related mostly with the purely contractual joint ventures and tries to give a legal definition. It is there for necessary to arrive a suitable definition and to investigate the ways of solving disputes arising from joint venture agreements. In Turkish legal system we do not have special laws for joint venture. However it is been unanimuisly, agreed to apply the articles of adi şirket (like partnership) to this agreement. However not all the articles of adi şirket in Code of Obligation is in harmony with the purpose and character of contractual joint venture. For this reason we think that contractual joint venture should be regulated by specific laws.