Publication: 1858 tarihli Osmanlı Ceza Kanunname-i Hümayunu’nun kaynakları, muhtevası ve şer‘î hukukla münasebeti
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Osmanlı Devleti, Tanzimat devrinde yeniden yapılanma işine girişmiştir. Bu devirde birçok ıslahat girişiminde bulunulmuştur. Ceza hukuku da bu ıslahat girişimlerinden nasibini almıştır. 1840 ve 1851 tarihlerinde iki ceza kanunnamesi ilan edilmiş ve nihayetinde 1858 tarihinde Ceza Kanunname-i Hümayunu meriyete girmiştir. Kanunun hazırlanmasında 1810 tarihli Fransız Ceza Kanunu’ndan (Code Pénal) hayli istifade edilmiştir. Bu istifadenin ne derece olduğu doktrinde tartışmalıdır. Kanunname hakkında doktrinde tartışmalı olan bir diğer husus da kanunnamenin şer‘î hukukla olan irtibatıdır. Bu çalışmada temel olarak bu iki tartışma ele alınmıştır. Fransız Ceza Kanunu ile olan irtibatın derecesi, ki kanun arasında benzerlik ve farklılıklar tespit edilip, mukayese edilerek ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Şeri hukukla olan irtibatta ise öncelikle kanun hükümlerine bakılmıştır. Kanun hükümlerinin şer‘î hukukla olan irtibatı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ancak bununla yetinilmemiş daha doğru bir neticeye ulaşabilmek için alakalı hükümlerin tatbikattaki durumu ele alınarak bir neticeye ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada, Fransız Ceza Kanunu ile irtibatlandırılabilecek birçok hüküm bulunmakla beraber farklılıklar göz önüne alındığında kanunnamenin tam tercüme olarak vasıflandırılamayacağı ve kanunnamenin şer ‘î hukuk dairesi içinde değerlendirilebilecek bir örfî hukuk tatbikatı olduğu neticelerine ulaşılmıştır.
The Ottoman Empire embarked on a restructuring process during the Tanzimat period. Many reform attempts were made in this period. Criminal law also received its share from these reform attempts. In 1840 and 1851, two penal codes were promulgated and finally the Penal Code of 1858 became effective. The French Penal Code of 1810 (Code Pénal) was used extensively in the preparation of the Code. The extent of this utilization is controversial in the doctrine. Another controversial issue in the doctrine is the connection of the code with Sharia law. This study mainly deals with these two debates. The extent of the connection with the French Criminal Code has been tried to be revealed by identifying and comparing the similarities and differences between the two codes. As for the connection with Sharia law, the provisions of the law were examined first. The connection between the provisions of the law and Sharia law was tried to be determined. However, in order to reach a more accurate conclusion, the situation of the relevant provisions in practice has been discussed and a conclusion has been tried to be reached. Although there are many provisions that can be linked to the French Penal Code, considering the differences, the study concludes that the code cannot be characterized as a complete translation and that the code is an application of sultanic law that can be evaluated within the circle of Sharia law.
The Ottoman Empire embarked on a restructuring process during the Tanzimat period. Many reform attempts were made in this period. Criminal law also received its share from these reform attempts. In 1840 and 1851, two penal codes were promulgated and finally the Penal Code of 1858 became effective. The French Penal Code of 1810 (Code Pénal) was used extensively in the preparation of the Code. The extent of this utilization is controversial in the doctrine. Another controversial issue in the doctrine is the connection of the code with Sharia law. This study mainly deals with these two debates. The extent of the connection with the French Criminal Code has been tried to be revealed by identifying and comparing the similarities and differences between the two codes. As for the connection with Sharia law, the provisions of the law were examined first. The connection between the provisions of the law and Sharia law was tried to be determined. However, in order to reach a more accurate conclusion, the situation of the relevant provisions in practice has been discussed and a conclusion has been tried to be reached. Although there are many provisions that can be linked to the French Penal Code, considering the differences, the study concludes that the code cannot be characterized as a complete translation and that the code is an application of sultanic law that can be evaluated within the circle of Sharia law.
