Publication: Enderun saray mektebi’nde has oda teşkilatı
Abstract
ENDERUN SARAY MEKTEBİ’NDE HAS ODA TEŞKİLATI Osmanlı Sarayı; Bîrun, Harem ve Enderun olmak üzere üç kısımdan müteşekkildi. Enderun, devlete üst düzey bürokrat yetiştiren ve yedi ayrı sınıftan müteşekkil bir saray mektebiydi. Enderun’un en üst sınıfı olan Has Oda, Fatih Sultan Mehmed tarafından kurulmuştu. Yavuz Sultan Selim, Mısır’ı ilhak ettikten sonra Kutsal Emanetleri İstanbul’a getirmiş ve Has Oda’da muhafaza altına almıştı. Burada bulunan görevlilerin sayısı da kırka çıkarılmıştı. Bu dönemden sonra Has Oda görevlileri Pâdişahın özel hizmetleriyle beraber Kutsal Emanetlerin muhafazası ve bakımı ile alakalı önemli vazifeleri yerine getirmişlerdi. Has Oda’da Pâdişahla direk görüşebilen Arz Ağaları vardı. Bunlar sırasıyla Has Odabaşı, Silahdar Ağa, Çukadar Ağa, Rikabdar Ağa, Dülbend Ağası ve Anahtar Ağası’ydı. Bu ağaların kendilerine has görevleri vardı. Bunlar aynı zamanda Has Oda’nın üst sınıfını oluşturuyordu. Bunlar saraydan çerağ (çıkma) olduklarında devletin önemli yerlerinde görevlendirilirlerdi. Hatta Sadrazam bile olabilirlerdi. Nitekim Sokullu Mehmed Paşa Has Oda’dan çıkarak sadrazamlığa yükselmiş önemli bir devlet adamıdır. Osmanlı sarayının bu müstesna mekânında bazı resmî merasimler de yapılırdı. Mesela her sene Ramazan ayında yapılan Hırka-i Şerif ziyareti, Enderun halkı için yapılan cülûs ve muayede (bayramlaşma) merasimleri bu mekânda gerçekleşmekteydi. Bundan başka Has Oda’da Kutsal Emanetler vesilesiyle Yavuz Sultan Selim zamanından beri aralıksız Kur’ân-ı Kerîm okunmaktaydı. Günümüzde de bu gelenek devam etmektedir.
HAS ODA ORGANIZATION IN ENDERUN PALACE SCHOOL The Ottoman Palace was composed of three sections i.e. Bîrun, Harem and Enderun. Enderun was a palace school which educated high level officials for the government and consisted of seven different classes. Has Oda, the top class of Enderun, was founded by Fatih Sultan Mehmed. After the annexation of Egypt, Yavuz Sultan Selim brought the Holy Relics to Istanbul and protected them in Has Oda. The number of personnel in here was increased to forty. After this period, the personnels of Has Oda, in additon to personal duties with respect to Sultan, had done important duties regarding the protection and care of Holy Relics. There were “Arz Aghas” who could meet Sultan directly in Has Oda. These were Has Odabaşı, Silahdar Aga, Çukadar Aga, Rikabdar Aga, Dülbend Aga ve Anahtar Aga in order. These Aghas had special duties. At the same time these were the top class of Has Oda. When these left (çerağ) the palace, they were appointed to important positions. They could be even Grand Vizier. As a matter of fact Sokullu Mehmed Paşa was one of those statesmen who left the palace and became a Grand Vizier. On this especial position some ceremonies used to take place. For instance, annual (in Ramadans) visiting to Hırka-i Şerif (Holy Robe belonged to the Prophet) and ascending the throne (cülûs) and exchange greetings on the occasion of a religious holiday (muayede) for the people in Enderun. Besides these, in view of Holy Relics, The Holy Book (Kur’ân-ı Kerim) was recited in Has Oda since the Yavuz Sultan Selim's time. This tradition still continues today.
HAS ODA ORGANIZATION IN ENDERUN PALACE SCHOOL The Ottoman Palace was composed of three sections i.e. Bîrun, Harem and Enderun. Enderun was a palace school which educated high level officials for the government and consisted of seven different classes. Has Oda, the top class of Enderun, was founded by Fatih Sultan Mehmed. After the annexation of Egypt, Yavuz Sultan Selim brought the Holy Relics to Istanbul and protected them in Has Oda. The number of personnel in here was increased to forty. After this period, the personnels of Has Oda, in additon to personal duties with respect to Sultan, had done important duties regarding the protection and care of Holy Relics. There were “Arz Aghas” who could meet Sultan directly in Has Oda. These were Has Odabaşı, Silahdar Aga, Çukadar Aga, Rikabdar Aga, Dülbend Aga ve Anahtar Aga in order. These Aghas had special duties. At the same time these were the top class of Has Oda. When these left (çerağ) the palace, they were appointed to important positions. They could be even Grand Vizier. As a matter of fact Sokullu Mehmed Paşa was one of those statesmen who left the palace and became a Grand Vizier. On this especial position some ceremonies used to take place. For instance, annual (in Ramadans) visiting to Hırka-i Şerif (Holy Robe belonged to the Prophet) and ascending the throne (cülûs) and exchange greetings on the occasion of a religious holiday (muayede) for the people in Enderun. Besides these, in view of Holy Relics, The Holy Book (Kur’ân-ı Kerim) was recited in Has Oda since the Yavuz Sultan Selim's time. This tradition still continues today.