Publication: Türkiye Selçuklu Devleti'nde para basım faaliyetleri (1075-1318)
Abstract
Anadolu'nun Türk yurdu haline gelmesini sağlayan Türkiye Selçukluları buyeni yurtlarında ele geçirdikleri şehirlerin bir çoğunda ekonomik faaliyetlerini yürütmekve hükümranlıklarını ortaya koymak için darphaneler kurarak dinar (altın), dirhem(gümüş) ve fels (bakır) denilen çeşitli türlerde sikkeler basmışlardır. Dinar denilen altınsikkenin örfî miskale göre resmî ağırlığı 24 karat, 4,081 gramdı ve başşehir Konya ilebelli birkaç şehirde basılabiliyordu. Tam, yarım (1/ 2), 1/ 3, çeyrek (1/ 4), 1/ 6 gibi farklıbirimlerde basılan ve tam biriminin örfî sisteme göre resmî ağırlığı 16 karat, 3,086 gramolan gümüş sikke (dirhem)'nin ve hükümdarlık hukukundan sayılmadığı için belli birresmî ağırlığı bulunmayıp farklı ağırlıklarda basılabilen bakır sikke (fels)'nin darbındaise şehir sınırlaması bulunmuyordu.Kuruluş döneminde Bizans ve diğer İslâm devletlerinin tedavüldeki sikkelerinikullanan Türkiye Selçukluları'nda I. Kılıcarslan ve I. Mes'ûd döneminde bakır sikkeler,II. Kılıcarslan döneminden itibaren de gümüş ve altın sikkeler basılmaya başlanmıştır. I.İzzeddîn Keykâvus ve I. Alâeddîn Keykubâd dönemlerinde yapılan yeni düzenlemelerve ticarî amaçlı fetihlere bağlı olarak Anadolu'nun önemli bir ticaret merkezi halinegelmesi darp faaliyetlerini de etkilemiş ve altın, gümüş ve bakır sikke darbında önemliölçüde artış meydana gelmiştir. 1243 Kösedağ Savaşı sonrası başlayan Moğoltahakkümü döneminde de önemli ticaret yolları üzerinde bulunan Anadolu'da doğu-batıarasındaki ticaretin Moğollar vasıtasıyla sağlanmasından dolayı bu dönemde de darpfaaliyetleri oldukça canlı bir şekilde devam etmiştir.
Turkey Seljuks who made the Anatolia a Turkish homeland have coinedvarious coins named dinar (golden), dirham (silver) and fels (copper) by establishingmints in order to show their rule and carry out their economic activities in many of thecities they captured in their new homeland. The official weight of the golden coinnamed dinar was 24 carat, 4.081 grams and it was only possible to coin this coin only inthe capital Konya and other certain provinces. The silver coin (dirham), which wascoined in units such as full, half (1/ 2), 1/ 3, quarter (1/ 4), 1/ 6 with an official weight of16 carat and 3.086 grams according to the martial system of the full unit and the thecopper coin (fels) which has no official weight since it is not accepted in the laws of theempire were not subject to provincial limitation in terms of their mintage.Turkey Seljuks who used the coins of Byzantine and other Islam states duringthe period of its foundation, started to coin copper coins during the reigns ofKılıcarslan I and Mes'ûd I and they started to coin silver and golden coins starting fromthe period of Kılıcarslan II. The new regulations made during the ruling period ofİzzeddîn Keykavus I and Alaeddin Keykubâd I and conquests made for commercialpurposes made Anatolia a significant center of commerce and this had an influence onmintage activities and a significant increase occured in the mintage of golden coin,silver coin and copper coin. Thanks to the provision of commerce between east andwest in Anatolia where important commercial routes are located during the dominationof Mongolian period which began after Kösedağ Battle in 1243, the mintage activitiescontinued quite voluminously.
Turkey Seljuks who made the Anatolia a Turkish homeland have coinedvarious coins named dinar (golden), dirham (silver) and fels (copper) by establishingmints in order to show their rule and carry out their economic activities in many of thecities they captured in their new homeland. The official weight of the golden coinnamed dinar was 24 carat, 4.081 grams and it was only possible to coin this coin only inthe capital Konya and other certain provinces. The silver coin (dirham), which wascoined in units such as full, half (1/ 2), 1/ 3, quarter (1/ 4), 1/ 6 with an official weight of16 carat and 3.086 grams according to the martial system of the full unit and the thecopper coin (fels) which has no official weight since it is not accepted in the laws of theempire were not subject to provincial limitation in terms of their mintage.Turkey Seljuks who used the coins of Byzantine and other Islam states duringthe period of its foundation, started to coin copper coins during the reigns ofKılıcarslan I and Mes'ûd I and they started to coin silver and golden coins starting fromthe period of Kılıcarslan II. The new regulations made during the ruling period ofİzzeddîn Keykavus I and Alaeddin Keykubâd I and conquests made for commercialpurposes made Anatolia a significant center of commerce and this had an influence onmintage activities and a significant increase occured in the mintage of golden coin,silver coin and copper coin. Thanks to the provision of commerce between east andwest in Anatolia where important commercial routes are located during the dominationof Mongolian period which began after Kösedağ Battle in 1243, the mintage activitiescontinued quite voluminously.