Publication: Mehmet Cavit Bey’ in iktisadi fikirleri
Abstract
MEHMET CAVİT BEYİN İKTİSADİ FİKİRLERİ İSİMLİ TEZİN ÖZETİ Mehmet Cavit Bey, 20. y.y.'ın ilk çeyreğinde siyasi, iktisadi, sosyal olayların zirvesinde olduğu ve I.Dünya Savaşı gibi bir tecrübenin yaşandığı 1908-1918 yılları arasında Maliye Bakanlığı gibi, dönem itibariyle hassas bir mevkide bulunmuş önemli bir şahsiyettir. Avrupa'da cereyan eden liberalizmin Türkiye'ye aktarılmasında, savunulmasında ve uygulanmasında en önde gelen kişilerden biri olan Cavit Bey'in sahip olduğu İktisadi Fikirleri nin içeriğinin çerçevesi merak uyandırıcı bir özelliğe sahiptir. Cavit Bey'in İktisadi fikirleri, özellikle Osmanlı Devletinin son dönemlerinde yetişmiş bir aydın olması ve Avrupa şartlarında şekillenen bir ekolün Osmanlı Devleti gibi farklı bir yapıdaki devlet bünyesinde yorumlanması noktasında önem arzeder. Çalışmamız, beş bölümden oluşup, birinci bölümde; Cavit Bey'in iktisadi fikirlerine genel bir bakış açısıyla; iktisat bilimi, iktisadi meslekler ve Türkiye'nin iktisadi olarak kalkınabilmesi hakkındaki görüşleri yer almaktadır. İkinci bölümde; servetin ortaya çıkışı araçları ve nüfus meselesi üzerinde durulmuştur. Nüfus meselesi bünyesinde, nüfus artışlarının fayda zarar ilişkisi ve medeniyeti etkileme gücü hakkındaki görüşler yer almaktadır. Üçüncü bölümde; Sermaye mülkiyet ilişkisiyle birlikte sermayenin arttırılmasında etkili olan faiz meselesi hakkındaki görüşlerine yer verilmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde ise; emek-ücret ilişkisi ve ücreti etkileyen farklı durumlar üzerinde durulmuştur. Ücretleri etkiyen unsurlar olması bakımından kooperatifler ve sigortalar ise bölümün diğer başlıkları altında incelenmiştir. Son bölüm olan beşinci bölümde ise, borçlanma, hükümetleri borçlanma noktasında haklı kılan durumlar, fayda-zarar ilişkisi hakkındaki görüşler üzerinde durulmuştur.
Mehmet Cavit Bey is a prominent figure who was Minister of Finance, a significant position then, between 1908-1918 when WWI and economical and political turmoil were at their highest. Therefore, Mehmet Cavit Bey was effective as an economist, a politician and a scientist within the Ottoman bureaucracy. Besides the fact that Cavit Bey is a supporter, he was influential on embracing liberal understanding by the state. He maintained his influence both in his books and articles and in times when he was Minister. This study evaluates the economical ideas of Mehmet Cavit Bey based on his works and speeches. The significance of the ideas he was in favour of and maintained is clear enough for Turkey today. Since he was one of the important figures who were influential on background about Liberal Economical Understanding of Turkish Republic which was established in place of Ottoman Empire. The general framework of economical perspective of Mehmet Cavit Bey who was representative for liberalism and has been critical to socialism occupation can be argued as liberal, occupational freedom. According to him the program to be implemented in the development and civilisation competition should be in parallel to this program. This study is five chapters. First chapter discusses, with a general overview of ideas of Cavit Bey, economics science, economical occupations and his ideas refers to economical development of Turkey. Second chapter evaluates the appearance of capital, means of capital and the population problem in which he argues the gain and loss relation and the power of influence of a increase in population. Third chapter analyses his views on capital and ownership relation, the problem of interest, which is effective in increase in capital. Fourth chapter focuses on labour price relation and different cases affecting the price. Cooperatives and Insurance as another elements affecting prices are discussed under other titles of the chapter. Fifth chapter as a last chapter evaluates borrowing, cases justify the states to get into borrowing and ideas about gain-loss relations.
Mehmet Cavit Bey is a prominent figure who was Minister of Finance, a significant position then, between 1908-1918 when WWI and economical and political turmoil were at their highest. Therefore, Mehmet Cavit Bey was effective as an economist, a politician and a scientist within the Ottoman bureaucracy. Besides the fact that Cavit Bey is a supporter, he was influential on embracing liberal understanding by the state. He maintained his influence both in his books and articles and in times when he was Minister. This study evaluates the economical ideas of Mehmet Cavit Bey based on his works and speeches. The significance of the ideas he was in favour of and maintained is clear enough for Turkey today. Since he was one of the important figures who were influential on background about Liberal Economical Understanding of Turkish Republic which was established in place of Ottoman Empire. The general framework of economical perspective of Mehmet Cavit Bey who was representative for liberalism and has been critical to socialism occupation can be argued as liberal, occupational freedom. According to him the program to be implemented in the development and civilisation competition should be in parallel to this program. This study is five chapters. First chapter discusses, with a general overview of ideas of Cavit Bey, economics science, economical occupations and his ideas refers to economical development of Turkey. Second chapter evaluates the appearance of capital, means of capital and the population problem in which he argues the gain and loss relation and the power of influence of a increase in population. Third chapter analyses his views on capital and ownership relation, the problem of interest, which is effective in increase in capital. Fourth chapter focuses on labour price relation and different cases affecting the price. Cooperatives and Insurance as another elements affecting prices are discussed under other titles of the chapter. Fifth chapter as a last chapter evaluates borrowing, cases justify the states to get into borrowing and ideas about gain-loss relations.