Publication: Edebiyat sosyolojisi bağlamında Sun‘ullah ibrahim’in El-lecne İ(komite) isimli romanında Mısır’ın siyasi ve sosyal tenkidi
Abstract
EDEBİYAT SOSYOLOJİSİ BAĞLAMINDA SUN‘ULLAH İBRAHİM’İN EL-LECNE (KOMİTE) İSİMLİ ROMANINDA MISIR’IN SİYASİ VE SOSYAL TENKİDİ Bu çalışma ile roman türü aracılığıyla toplumsal yapının irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bunun yanında, toplumsal yapının edebi eserleri biçim ve içerik olarak nasıl değiştirdiği örneklenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmamızın ilk bölümü, araştırmanın yöntemi olan edebiyat sosyolojisi kavramının tarihsel ve metodik olarak ele alınmasından oluşmuştur. Bu bölümde edebiyatın toplumla etkileşimi açıklanmıştır. Edebi türler arasında sosyal ve siyasi yaşantıyla en sıkı bağı roman kurmuştur. Bu nedenle toplumun kültürel ve siyasi yapısını geçirdiği evreleri yansıtması bakımından romanın ayrı bir yeri vardır. Doğuşundan beri Arap romanı, Arap dünyasının maruz kaldığı değişimlerin, savaşların, siyasi ve sosyal aksaklıkların saptanabildiği bir alan olarak gelişmiştir. Sunՙullah İbrahim, modern Arap edebiyatının önemli yazarlarından biridir. Özelde Mısır’ın, genelde Arap dünyasının sosyal ve siyasi yapısı ve geçirdiği değişimler onun romanlarına doğrudan yansımıştır. Bu bakımdan onun el-Lecne isimli romanında yer alan siyasi ve sosyal tenkit konularının incelenmesine karar verilmiştir. Çalışmamızın ikinci bölümünde yazarın yaşamı ve eserleri tanıtılırken, romanları kısaca incelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde eserin ait olduğu tür olarak tespit ettiğimiz ‘politik roman’ kavramı ve özellikleri, Arap romanındaki önemli eserler ve konuları tanıtılmıştır. Bu bölümden; modern Arap romanının temel sorunsalının işgaller, sömürge, siyasi aksaklıklar, işkence, gibi siyasi konular olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Sunՙullah İbrahim’in el-Lecne romanı, kendine özgü dili ve üslubuyla bu türdeki erken dönem eserlerden biridir. Eserin türüyle ilişkisini değerlendirdiğimizde incelediğimiz eserin hem ele aldığı konularla hem de dil ve biçimsel özellikleriyle toplumsal gerçekliği yansıttığı belirlenmiştir. Roman, iki bölüm halinde incelenmiştir. İlk bölümde yazarın eleştirdiği sosyal ve siyasi meseleler ele alınmıştır. Eserde tespit ettiğimiz belli başlı tenkit konuları, Batı güdümündeki siyaset, istibdat, yetmişli yıllardan sonra ülkede yayılan kapitalist ekonomi anlayışı ve sosyal aksaklıklardır. Yazar, Mısır’da hayatın her sahasında görmüş olduğu siyasi baskıyı ve toplumsal aksaklıkları, sürreal öğeler ve tipleştirmeyle sanatsal düzeyde aktarmıştır. Sonraki bölümde sosyal ve siyasi yozlaşma içinde kalan bireyin yaşamış olduğu sosyal ve psikolojik iç çatışmalar ve bunların yazarın kendi tecrübeleriyle ilişkisi ele alınmıştır. Edebiyat Sosyolojisi, roman, Sunՙullah İbrahim, siyasi tenkit, sosyal tenkit, Mısır, Mısır’ın sosyo-political eleştirisi, modern Arap romanı.
POSTGRADUATE THESIS THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CRITISM OF EGYPT IN THE NOVEL EL-LECNE (THE COMMİTTEE) BY SONALLAH IBRAHIM IN THE CONTEX OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF LITERATURE This paper aims to study the social structure through novel. Apart from this, it tries to exemplify how the social structure changed literary works in terms of style and content. The first part of the paper gives the method of the research and deals with the concept of literary sociology in historical and methodological ways. This part explains the interaction of literature with the society. Among the literary genres, novel manages to establish the strongest bond with the social and political lives. Thus; novel has a distinctive place as it reflects the phases of the society’s cultural and political structures. The Arabic novel has always developed as an area where the changes, wars, political and social disorders of the Arabic world could be detected. Sun’ullah Ibrahim is one of the prominent authors of modern Arabic literature. Social and political structures of Egypt in specific and the Arabic world in general and the changes they have experienced are directly reflected in his novels. Consequently; it is aimed to discuss his political and social reviews that took place in his novel titled el-Lecne. The life and work pieces of the author are dealt with in the second part of the paper and his novels are briefly studied. The third part introduces the ‘political novel’ we have identified to be the type of the novel, the prominent work pieces and subjects of the Arabic novel. It can be understood from this part that; the main problem of the modern Arabic novel are political matters such as invasions, the colonial system, political disorders and torment. Sun’ullah Ibrahim’s el-Lecne novel is one of the early art pieces in this genre, thanks to its unique language and style. When studying the relation of the art piece with its genre, we have identified that it reflected social reality both with its subjects and its linguistic and morphological properties. The novel is studied in two parts. The first part deals with the social and political issues the author has criticized. Politics under the hegemony of the West, autocracy, the capitalist economic policy following the seventies and social disorders have been among the main review subjects we have found to take place in the novel. The author told about the political suppression and social disorders he observed in every area of life in Egypt at a literary level using surreal elements and typification. The latter part deals with the inner social and psychological conflicts of the individual that remained in between social and political corruption and their relationship with the author’s own experiences. Key Words: Literary Sociology, novel, Sonallah Ibrahim, political criticism, social criticism, Egypt, socio-political criticism of Egypt, modern Arabic novel.
POSTGRADUATE THESIS THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CRITISM OF EGYPT IN THE NOVEL EL-LECNE (THE COMMİTTEE) BY SONALLAH IBRAHIM IN THE CONTEX OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF LITERATURE This paper aims to study the social structure through novel. Apart from this, it tries to exemplify how the social structure changed literary works in terms of style and content. The first part of the paper gives the method of the research and deals with the concept of literary sociology in historical and methodological ways. This part explains the interaction of literature with the society. Among the literary genres, novel manages to establish the strongest bond with the social and political lives. Thus; novel has a distinctive place as it reflects the phases of the society’s cultural and political structures. The Arabic novel has always developed as an area where the changes, wars, political and social disorders of the Arabic world could be detected. Sun’ullah Ibrahim is one of the prominent authors of modern Arabic literature. Social and political structures of Egypt in specific and the Arabic world in general and the changes they have experienced are directly reflected in his novels. Consequently; it is aimed to discuss his political and social reviews that took place in his novel titled el-Lecne. The life and work pieces of the author are dealt with in the second part of the paper and his novels are briefly studied. The third part introduces the ‘political novel’ we have identified to be the type of the novel, the prominent work pieces and subjects of the Arabic novel. It can be understood from this part that; the main problem of the modern Arabic novel are political matters such as invasions, the colonial system, political disorders and torment. Sun’ullah Ibrahim’s el-Lecne novel is one of the early art pieces in this genre, thanks to its unique language and style. When studying the relation of the art piece with its genre, we have identified that it reflected social reality both with its subjects and its linguistic and morphological properties. The novel is studied in two parts. The first part deals with the social and political issues the author has criticized. Politics under the hegemony of the West, autocracy, the capitalist economic policy following the seventies and social disorders have been among the main review subjects we have found to take place in the novel. The author told about the political suppression and social disorders he observed in every area of life in Egypt at a literary level using surreal elements and typification. The latter part deals with the inner social and psychological conflicts of the individual that remained in between social and political corruption and their relationship with the author’s own experiences. Key Words: Literary Sociology, novel, Sonallah Ibrahim, political criticism, social criticism, Egypt, socio-political criticism of Egypt, modern Arabic novel.