Publication: Hz. Peygamber döneminde çalışma hayatı ve meslekler
Abstract
“Hz. Peygamber Döneminde Çalışma Hayatı ve Meslekler” İnsanlık tarihinin hemen her döneminde olduğu gibi Hz. Peygamber döneminde de fert ve toplumun ihtiyaç duyduğu ürün ve hizmetler, bir çalışma faaliyeti ve bu faaliyetin uzman kolları olan meslekler sayesinde gerçekleştirilmekteydi. Toplumun sosyo-ekonomik yapısının temelini ve günlük hayatın vazgeçilmez bir unsurunu oluşturan bu meslekler, biyolojik bir varlık olarak insanın beslenme, giyinme ve barınma gibi temel ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasına yönelik metâ üretenler ve sosyal bir varlık olarak insanın ulaşım, alışveriş, tedavî, süslenme ve eğlenme gibi ihtiyaçlarına yönelik hizmet üretenler olmak üzere iki grupta değerlendirilebilir. Hayvancılık, dericilik, arıcılık, avcılık ve balıkçılık; hububat, sebze ve meyve yetiştiriciliği, sirkecilik ve sepetçilik; eğiricilik, dokumacılık, terzilik ve boyacılık; bina yapımcılığı, marangozluk ve kuyuculuk; kuyumculuk, demircilik ve madencilik başlıca metâ üreten meslekler, kervancılık, denizcilik ve ticaret; sağlıkla ilgili tabiplik, hemşirelik/ hasta bakıcılığı, sünnetçilik, hacamatçılık ve baytarlık; tezyinle ilgili berberlik, kuaförlük ve dövmecilik; eğlence hayatıyla ilgili müzisyenlik, şairlik ve oyunculuk, hizmet üreten belli başlı iş kolları sayılmaktaydı. Bu mesleklerin bazıları istihsal ettikleri ürün ve hizmet bakımından bölgeler ve uluslar arası önemi haizken, bölgesel ve folklorik mahiyette kazanç yolları da söz konusu olup toplumun hiç değilse asgarî ihtiyacını karşılayacak düzeydeydi. Öte yandan coğrafi ve içtimai faktörlerin de etkisiyle bir kısım meslekler bazı kabilelerce övülerek daha fazla ilgi çekerken bazı meslekler de hor görülmekteydi. Oluşum süreci, Cahiliye toplumuna dayanan bu mesleklerin İslam dönemindeki değişim, dönüşüm ve teşekkülü, İslam’ın iş ahlakını da kapsayan ilkeleri doğrultusunda gerçekleşmiş ve Hz. Peygamber’den sonraki dönemlerde de devam etmiştir.
“The Work Life and Professions in the Prophet Muhammad’s Period” Similar to each period of human history, in the Prophet Muhammad’s time, there were products and service required by the individuals and society. They were produced by an activity of work and by the crafts which were professional branches of this activity. These professions were foundation of the society’s socioeconomic existense. They were a necessary element of the daily life. They can be categorized into two groups: the first group of professions which produced products basic human necessities as a biological being like nutrition, dressing and shelter; the second group of professions which produced services for human’s needs as a social being like communication, trading, treatment, dressing up and having fun. Among the first group of professions there were stockbreeding, leather trade, agriculture, hunting and fishery, cultivating of cereal, vegitable and fruit, producing of vinegar and basketry, spinning, weaving, tailoring and dyeing, construction, carpentry and drawing well, jewelry, blacksmithing and mining. The second group of professions includes caravan trade and seafaring, medicine, nursing, circumcising, cupping and veterinary, hairdressing and tattooing, musicians, poets and players. Some of these professions had an interregional or international importance regarding their products and service. There were also some regional and local occupations which supplied society’s minimum necessities at least. Beyond this, by the influence of some geographical and social factors, some professions were praised by some tribes: These professions drew greater attention, while some professions were degraded by society. These professions grew in the Jahiliya’s community. However their transmutation, transformation and formation actualized in Islamic period under the guiclance of Islamic principles including professional ethics. This processt continued even after Prophet’s period.
“The Work Life and Professions in the Prophet Muhammad’s Period” Similar to each period of human history, in the Prophet Muhammad’s time, there were products and service required by the individuals and society. They were produced by an activity of work and by the crafts which were professional branches of this activity. These professions were foundation of the society’s socioeconomic existense. They were a necessary element of the daily life. They can be categorized into two groups: the first group of professions which produced products basic human necessities as a biological being like nutrition, dressing and shelter; the second group of professions which produced services for human’s needs as a social being like communication, trading, treatment, dressing up and having fun. Among the first group of professions there were stockbreeding, leather trade, agriculture, hunting and fishery, cultivating of cereal, vegitable and fruit, producing of vinegar and basketry, spinning, weaving, tailoring and dyeing, construction, carpentry and drawing well, jewelry, blacksmithing and mining. The second group of professions includes caravan trade and seafaring, medicine, nursing, circumcising, cupping and veterinary, hairdressing and tattooing, musicians, poets and players. Some of these professions had an interregional or international importance regarding their products and service. There were also some regional and local occupations which supplied society’s minimum necessities at least. Beyond this, by the influence of some geographical and social factors, some professions were praised by some tribes: These professions drew greater attention, while some professions were degraded by society. These professions grew in the Jahiliya’s community. However their transmutation, transformation and formation actualized in Islamic period under the guiclance of Islamic principles including professional ethics. This processt continued even after Prophet’s period.